Practice exam 1Multiple ChoiceIdentify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.____ 1. The ostrich and the emu look very similar and live in similar habitats, however they are not very closely relat-ed. This is an example ofa. divergent evolution.b. convergent evolution.c. exaptation.d. adaptive radiation.e. sympatric speciation.____ 2. Some molecular data place the giant panda in the bear family (Ursidae) but place the lesser panda in the rac-coon family (Procyonidae). The morphological similarities of these two species must therefore be due toa. inheritance of acquired characteristics.b. sexual selection.c. inheritance of shared derived characters.d. convergent evolution.e. possession of shared primitive characters.____ 3. The correct sequence from the most to the least comprehensive of the taxonomic levels listed here isa. family, phylum, class, kingdom, order, species, and genus.b. kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species.c. kingdom, phylum, order, class, family, genus, and species.d. phylum, kingdom, order, class, species, family, and genus.e. phylum, family, class, order, kingdom, genus, and species.____ 4. Panthera is a taxon at which level?a. orderb. familyc. phylumd. genuse. classUse the terms below to answer the following questions. Each term may be used once, more than once, or not at all.A. nonadaptiveB. analogousC. homologousD. polyphyleticE. monophyletic____ 5. a taxon, all of whose members have the same common ancestora. Ab. Bc. Cd. De. E____ 6. bat wing and butterfly winga. Ab. Bc. Cd. De. EThe following questions refer to the list below, which uses the five-kingdom classification system.1. Plantae2. Fungi3. Animalia4. Protista5. Monera____ 7. Members of which kingdom have cell walls and are all heterotrophic?a. 1b. 2c. 3d. 4e. 5____ 8. Which kingdoms include free-living photosynthetic organisms?a. 1 and 5b. 2 and 4c. 1, 2, and 5d. 1, 4, and 5e. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5Match the scientists below with their accomplishments.A. Carl WoeseB. Cech and AltmanC. Oparin and HaldaneD. Miller and UreyE. Robert Whittaker____ 9. proposed the five-kingdom classification systema. Ab. Bc. Cd. De. E____ 10. A biologist discovers a new unicellullar organism that possesses more than two flagella and two small, but equal-sized, nuclei. The organism has reduced mitochondria and no chloroplasts. How would you classify this organism?a. apicomplexanb. diplomonadc. ciliated. prokaryotee. Chlamydomonas____ 11. Which two genera have members that can evade the human immune system by frequently changing their sur-face proteins?1. Plasmodium2. Trichomonas3. Paramecium4. Trypanosoma5. Entamoebaa. 1 and 2b. 1 and 4c. 2 and 3d. 2 and 4e. 4 and 5____ 12. Which of the following is mismatched?a. apicomplexa-internal parasitesb. golden algae;-planktonic producersc. euglenozoa-unicellular flagellatesd. ciliates-red tide organismse. entamoeba-ingestive heterotrophs____ 13. Which of the following statements about dinoflagellates is false?a. They possess two flagella.b. Some cause red tides.c. their walls are composed of cellulose plates.d. Many types contain chlorophyll.e. Their fossil remains form limestone deposits.____ 14. Which of the following is correctly described as a primary producer?a. oomyceteb. kinetoplastidc. apicomplexand. diatome. radiolarian____ 15. Which taxonomic group containing eukaryotic organisms is thought to be directly ancestral to the plant king-dom?a. golden algaeb. radiolariansc. foraminiferansd. apicomplexanse. green algaeChoose the organism from the list below that best fits each of the following descriptions.A. euglenozoansB. ChlamydomonasC. dinoflagellatesD. stramenopilesE. diplomonads____ 16. possess more than two identical, functional flagellaa. Ab. Bc. Cd. De. E____ 17. have one hairy and one smooth flagelluma. Ab. Bc. Cd. De. E____ 18. Which of the following do all fungi have in common?a. meiosis in basidiab. coenocytic hyphaec. sexual life cycled. absorption of nutrientse. symbioses with algae____ 19. What is the primary role of a mushroom's underground mycelium?a. absorbing nutrientsb. anchoringc. sexual reproductiond. asexual reproductione. protection____ 20. Which of the following statements is true of deuteromycetes?a. They are the second of five fungal phyla to have evolved.b. They represent the phylum in which all the fungal components of lichens are classified.c. They are the group of fungi that have, at present, no known sexual stage.d. They are the group that includes molds, yeasts, and lichens.e. They include the imperfect fungi that lack hyphae.Match the phyla below with the descriptions that follow. Each term may be used once, more than once, or not at all.A. ZygomycotaB. AscomycotaC. BasidiomycotaD. GlomeromycotaE. Chytridiomycota____ 21. Members of this phylum produce two kinds of haploid spores, one kind being asexually produced conidia.a. Ab. Bc. Cd. De. E____ 22. Members of this phylum form arbuscular mycorrhizae.a. Ab. Bc. Cd. De. E____ 23. You have been given the assignment of locating living members of the phylum Glomeromycota. Where is the best place to look for these fungi?a. between the toes of a person with "athlete's foot"b. in stagnant freshwater pondsc. the roots of vascular plantsd. growing on rocks and tree barke. the kidneys of cattle____ 24. The gray-black filamentous mycelium growing on bread is most likely what kind of organism?a. chytridb. ascomycetec. basidiomyceted. deuteromycetee. zygomycete____ 25. Which of these fungal structures is associated with asexual reproduction?a. zygosporeb. basidiumc. conidiumd. ascuse. antheridium____ 26. Mushrooms with gills, typically available in supermarkets, have meiotically produced spores located in or on ____ and belong to the phylum ____.a. asci; Basidiomycotab. hyphae; Zygomycotac. basidia; Basidiomycotad. asci; Ascomycotae. hyphae; Ascomycota____ 27. The symbiotic associations involving roots and soil fungi are considereda. parasitic.b. mutualistic.c. commensal.d. harmful to the plant partner.e. the beginning stages of the formation of lichens.____ 28. Plant spores give rise directly toa. sporophytes.b. gametes.c. gametophytes.d. sporophylls.e. seeds.____ 29. Which of the following is a true statement about plant reproduction?a. "Embryophytes" are small because they are in an early developmental stage.b. Both male and female bryophytes produce gametangia.c. Gametangia protect gametes from excess water.d. Eggs and sperm of bryophytes