Lab 7: Animals I: Porifera, Radiata, and Introduction to BilateriaPowerPoint PresentationSlide 3Slide 4Slide 5Slide 6Slide 7Slide 8Slide 9Slide 10Slide 11Slide 12Slide 13Slide 14Slide 15CoelomatesSlide 17Slide 18Slide 19Slide 20Slide 21Slide 22Slide 23Slide 24Slide 25Slide 26Slide 27Lab 7: Lab 7: Animals I: Porifera, Animals I: Porifera, Radiata, and Radiata, and Introduction to Introduction to BilateriaBilateria•video•spongin (collagen)Part A: Sponges (Phylum Porifera)No Symmetry (asmmetrical); No Symmetry (asmmetrical); no true tissueno true tissue•Slide: Scypha – look for holdfast, osculum•Slide: sponge spiculues•body types: simple, intermediate, complex – draw arrows on Fig. 7-3; look at specimensTask A-1: Sponges (Phylum Porifera)•have true tissues•radial symmetry•have stinging cells (cnidocytes) on tentacles and elsewhere•tentacles surround mouth•gastrovascular cavity with extracellular digestion; one opening serves as both mouth and anus•after larval stage (planula), polyp and/or medusa stage(s)Part B: Phylum CnidariaCopyright  2003 Scott A. BowlingFig. 44.8•three classes•Hydrozoa – hydroids•Scyphozoa – jellyfish•Anthozoa – sea anemones and coralsPart B: Phylum Cnidaria•Hydrozoa – hydroids•usually have both polyp and medusa stages•example: Hydra (solitary freshwater organism)•slides: look for tentacles, bud, cnidocytes, gastrovascular cavity, mouth, epidermis and endodermis (gastrodermis) with mesoglea between•living specimen – note its movement, look for external structuresTask B-1: Phylum Cnidaria•Hydrozoa – hydroids (continued)•example: Obelia (colonial marine organism)•slides: note structures from Fig. 7-6 (feeding polyps, reproductive polyps, medusa buds, medusae, tentacles, gonads, mouth, gastrovascular cavity, etc.)•example: Portuguese man-of-war (colonial)•note both polyps and medusae in a colony that has superficial resemblance to a large medusaTask B-1: Phylum Cnidaria•Scyphozoa – jellyfish•dominant medusae; some have no polyp form•example: preserved specimen – treat it gently!•note tentacles, oral arms, mouth, gastrovascular cavity, gonads, thick jelly-like mesogleaTask B-1: Phylum Cnidaria•Anthozoa – sea anemones and corals•polyp stage only•sea anemones – very muscular•some sessile, but not all (…see video)•example: preserved specimen (treat gently!)•note mouth, tentacles, pedal discTask B-1: Phylum Cnidaria•Anthozoa – sea anemones and corals (continued)•corals•most secrete calcium carbonate exoskeletons•look at dry coral specimens; note distinct cups indicating origins from separate polypsTask B-1: Phylum Cnidaria•Bilateria – animals with bilateral symmetry•associated with cephalization (forming a true head)•learn dorsal/ventral and anterior/posteriorPart C: BilateriaFig. 44.3b•different forms based on fluid-filled body cavity•acoelomate – no body cavity•pseudocoelomate – body cavity bound by mesoderm on one side, endoderm on the other•coelomate (or eucoelomate) – “true” body cavity, surrounded by mesoderm on both sidesPart C: BilateriaFig. 44.4Copyright  2003 Scott A. BowlingCoelomatesCoelomatescoelomcoelom surrounded by mesodermal surrounded by mesodermal tissue (also called eucoelom)tissue (also called eucoelom)allows for more complex organs, allows for more complex organs, especially digestive systemespecially digestive system•body cavities allow many things, such as hydrostatic skeleton, internal organs, circulatory system, etc.•coelom allows for more specialization than pseudocoelom doesPart C: Bilateria•Two major clades within Bilateria: Protostomia (covered in this lab and lab 8) and Deuterostomia (covered in lab 9)•Within Protostomia, two major cladesPart C: Bilaterianon-molting protostomes (labs 7 and 8)vs.molting protostomes (lab 8) •Two selected non-molting phyla covered in this lab:•Phylum Platyhelminthes – flatworms•Phylum Annelida – segmented wormsPart C: Bilateria•acoelomate•dorsoventral flattening in most•incomplete digestive tract, when present (combo mouth/anus, just like Cnidarians)•most are parasitic; some are hunters•hermaphroditic•….videoPart C: Phylum Platyhelminthes – flatworms•3 classes•Turbellaria•Cestoda – tapeworms•Trematoda – flukes•examine specimens and slides, look for structures noted in Figs. 7-10, 11, and 12 such as ocellus, pharynx, intestine, scolex, proglottidsTask C-1: Phylum Platyhelminthes – flatworms•segmented – linear repetition of body parts; specialization in some (such as head); often separated by septa•use coelom for hydrostatic skeleton•closed circulatory system•excretory tubules (metanephridia)•most have chitinous bristles (setae) on most segments – for sensing, and locomotionPart C: Segmented Worms (Phylum Annelida)•3 classes•Polychaeta (polychaetes)•Oligochaeta (earthworms)•Hirudinea (leeches)Task 2: Segmented Worms (Phylum Annelida)•annelid box and slide: examine the preserved specimens and slide, note the following:•Polychaeta – clamworm:•distinct head with tentacles, eyes, jaws•fleshy parapodia on segments – used for locomotion•compare to plume worm (not in box – demo only)Task C-2: Segmented Worms (Phylum Annelida)•annelid box and slide: •Oligochaeta – earthworm:•rub to feel chitinous setae, used for holding to soil•clitellum – band used in mating; is nearer to the anterior end of the worm•reproductive pores anterior to clitellum (earthworms are hermaphroditic)•cross-section slide: compare to Fig. 7-14, note structures bolded in you manual such as coelomTask C-2: Segmented Worms (Phylum Annelida)•annelid box: •Hirudinea – leech:•dorsoventral flattening•lack of setae and parapodia•less distinct segmentation•suckers for attaching to host for feeding (leeches are blood-sucking parasites)Task C-2: Segmented Worms (Phylum Annelida)TODAY YOU WILL TAKE ANTODAY YOU WILL TAKE ANEXIT QUIZ !!!EXIT QUIZ