8 26 2014 Mastering A P common questions You must select that our course is using 7th ed in order to have access to the course If you are using an access code that came packaged w the textbook it must be from a 7th edition textbook You can use any e mail to set up your login you will enter your student ID when you get to the course page Course ID needed to get to page is MAPHEISLER46266 Make sure you are using the best browser settings On Mastering log in page go to Support Training System requirements When are homework assignments due A B C D E Every Sunday at 11 pm Every Friday at 9 am Every Monday at 11 pm Every Saturday at midnight Every Wednesday at noon TISSUES Epithelium A covering or lining 1 8 26 2014 Figure 4 1 Special characteristics of epithelium 1 2 3 Cellularity little extracellular space Cell junctions abundant strength communication Polarity distinct apical basal surfaces Narrow extracellular space Epithelium Apical region Cell junctions Connective tissue Basal region Human Anatomy 5e by Marieb Mallatt and Wilhelm Copyright 2008 Pearson Education Inc publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 4 1 Special characteristics of epithelium 4 5 6 7 Sits on basement membrane support Avascular Innervated Regeneration high capacity to replace cells Narrow extracellular space Epithelium Apical region Cell junctions Basal region Connective tissue Nerve ending Basal lamina Reticular fibers Basement membrane Human Anatomy 5e by Marieb Mallatt and Wilhelm Capillary in underlying tissue Copyright 2008 Pearson Education Inc publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 4 1 Special characteristics of epithelium LATERAL WALL SURFACE FEATURES Epithelium Cell junctions Tight junction Desmosome Gap junction Connective tissue Human Anatomy 5e by Marieb Mallatt and Wilhelm Copyright 2008 Pearson Education Inc publishing as Benjamin Cummings 2 8 26 2014 Figure 4 1 Special characteristics of epithelium BASAL SURFACE FEATURES Basal lamina non cellular sheet of proteins provide surface for new cells to build on Epithelium Basal region Basal lamina Nerve ending Connective tissue Reticular fibers Basement membrane Basement membrane basal lamina reticular fibers of underlying CT Human Anatomy 5e by Marieb Mallatt and Wilhelm Copyright 2008 Pearson Education Inc publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 4 1 Special characteristics of epithelium APICAL SURFACE FEATURES Cilia 1 Microvilli folds of plasma membrane of moist epithelial tissue Maximize surface area for absorption 2 Cilia whiplike motile extensions of cell surface found in some locations Movement of mucus Apical region Microvilli Epithelium Connective tissue Human Anatomy 5e by Marieb Mallatt and Wilhelm Copyright 2008 Pearson Education Inc publishing as Benjamin Cummings How might microvillar extensions from the apical surface of epithelial cells be advantageous to the cell A They allow the cell to move more easily through tissues B They allow for stronger attachment to the basal lamina C They thicken the plasma membrane to provide more protection D They increase the surface area to allow for the transport of more ions into the cell 3 8 26 2014 Membranous vs Glandular epithelium Membranous majority of body coverings and linings will focus on Glandular specialized epithelial tissue that produces glandular secretions MAJOR DIFFERENCE LOCATION Organization of an epithelial tissue directly related to the function Primary functions associated w epithelial tissues Protection Absorption Filtration Diffusion Chemoreception Skin Small Intestine Kidney Lungs Nasal cavity smell What changes would you make to an epithelial tissue to allow for these different functions Fig 4 2a Classification of membranous epithelia SIMPLE 1 cell layer thick STRATIFIED 1 cell layer thick 4 8 26 2014 Fig 4 2b of epithelia Fig Classificiation 4 2b Classification of epithelia SQUAMOUS Flattened cells CUBOIDAL Cube shaped cells COLUMNAR Tall cells What would you expect a stratified cuboidal epithelium to look like A B C D E One layer of cube shaped cells Multiple layers of cube shaped cells One layer of flattened cells Two layers of column shaped cells Multiple layers of flattened cells What would you call an epithelium that looked like this Apical surface Basement membrane A B C D E Stratified columnar cuboidal squamous Simply stratified Stratified columnar Simple columnar cuboidal squamous Stratified squamous 5 8 26 2014 Stratified epithelia are named by the cell shape found on the apical surface Fig 4 3a Simple squamous epithelium Single layer of flattened cells Diffusion lungs Filtration kidney Secretion serous membranes Fig 4 3b Simple cuboidal epithelium Single layer of cube shaped cells Absorption kidney Secretion some glands 6 8 26 2014 Fig 4 3c Simple columnar epithelium Single layer of tall cells May or may not be ciliated Absorption GI tract Movement ie of mucus lungs Secretion mucus Fig 4 3d Pseudostratified columnar epithelium Single layer of cells of varying height ALL sit on basement membrane Secretion movement mucus of respiratory system Usually ciliated Stratified epithelia 2 or more cell layers Basal layer germinating layer Apical layer oldest cells Named by shape of apical layer of cells 7 8 26 2014 Fig 4 3e Stratified squamous epithelium Multiple cell layers apical layer flat Keratinized or nonkeratinized Protection skin oral cavity Fig 4 3f Stratified cuboidal epithelium Two layers cube shaped cells Protection glandular ducts ie salivary ducts Fig 4 3g Stratified columnar epithelium Several cell layers apical layer tall Not common Protection male urethra Secretion some glands 8 8 26 2014 Fig 4 3h Transitional epithelium Multiple layers that change shape when stretched Unique allows bladder to expand as it fills w urine Types of glands All glands lined by an epithelium 1 Endocrine lack ducts produce hormones which pass into Thyroid surrounding tissues blood parathyroid glands vessels 2 Exocrine secrete via ducts into body cavities or onto body surface Exocrine glands Ducts can be SIMPLE unbranched COMPOUND branched Gland can be TUBULAR tube shaped ALVEOLAR rounder orb shaped 9 8 26 2014 Figure 4 5 Types of multicellular exocrine glands Human Anatomy 5e by Marieb Mallatt and Wilhelm Copyright 2008 Pearson Education Inc publishing as Benjamin Cummings What are the 4 major TISSUE types A B C D Skin bone muscle connective Muscle nerves connective bone Skin epithelium blood vessels nerves Muscle nervous epithelium connective 10