8/26/2014 Anatomy • from Greek anatomē = dissection (ana-, up + tomē, a cutting) Copyright ©2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 1.1: Levels of structural complexity Slide 1 1 Chemical level Atoms combine to form molecules. 2 Cellular level Cells are made up of molecules. Epithelial tissue Smooth muscle tissue Connective tissue 4 Organ level Organs are made up of different types of tissues. 5 Organ system level Organ systems consist of different organs that work together closely. 6 Organismal level The human organism is made up of many organ systems. 3 Tissue level Tissues consist of similar types of cells. Smooth muscle cell Molecules Atoms Smooth muscle tissue Heart Blood vessels Blood vessel (organ) Cardiovascular system Copyright ©2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 1.1: Levels of structural complexity Slide 2 Molecules Atoms 1 Chemical level Atoms combine to form molecules. Basic components of body: • Proteins: 10-20% • Water: 70-85% • Other: inorganic salts, lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids 18/26/2014 Copyright ©2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 1.1: Levels of structural complexity Slide 3 1 Chemical level Atoms combine to form molecules. 2 Cellular level Cells are made up of molecules. Smooth muscle cell Molecules Atoms Copyright ©2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 1.1: Levels of structural complexity Slide 4 1 Chemical level Atoms combine to form molecules. 2 Cellular level Cells are made up of molecules. 3 Tissue level Tissues consist of similar types of cells. Smooth muscle cell Molecules Atoms Smooth muscle tissue Copyright ©2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 1.1: Levels of structural complexity Slide 5 1 Chemical level Atoms combine to form molecules. 2 Cellular level Cells are made up of molecules. Epithelial tissue Smooth muscle tissue Connective tissue 4 Organ level Organs are made up of different types of tissues. 3 Tissue level Tissues consist of similar types of cells. Smooth muscle cell Molecules Atoms Smooth muscle tissue Blood vessel (organ) 28/26/2014 Copyright ©2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 1.1: Levels of structural complexity Slide 6 1 Chemical level Atoms combine to form molecules. 2 Cellular level Cells are made up of molecules. Epithelial tissue Smooth muscle tissue Connective tissue 4 Organ level Organs are made up of different types of tissues. 5 Organ system level Organ systems consist of different organs that work together closely. 3 Tissue level Tissues consist of similar types of cells. Smooth muscle cell Molecules Atoms Smooth muscle tissue Heart Blood vessels Blood vessel (organ) Cardiovascular system Copyright ©2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 1.1: Levels of structural complexity Slide 1 1 Chemical level Atoms combine to form molecules. 2 Cellular level Cells are made up of molecules. Epithelial tissue Smooth muscle tissue Connective tissue 4 Organ level Organs are made up of different types of tissues. 5 Organ system level Organ systems consist of different organs that work together closely. 6 Organismal level The human organism is made up of many organ systems. 3 Tissue level Tissues consist of similar types of cells. Smooth muscle cell Molecules Atoms Smooth muscle tissue Heart Blood vessels Blood vessel (organ) Cardiovascular system Copyright ©2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 1.1: Levels of structural complexity Slide 1 1 Chemical level Atoms combine to form molecules. 2 Cellular level Cells are made up of molecules. Epithelial tissue Smooth muscle tissue Connective tissue 4 Organ level Organs are made up of different types of tissues. 5 Organ system level Organ systems consist of different organs that work together closely. 6 Organismal level The human organism is made up of many organ systems. 3 Tissue level Tissues consist of similar types of cells. Smooth muscle cell Molecules Atoms Smooth muscle tissue Heart Blood vessels Blood vessel (organ) Cardiovascular system 38/26/2014 Regional Anatomy vs Systemic Anatomy Fig. 1.2 d-f Nervous, Endocrine, & Cardiovascular Systems Activity: What’s in a cell? 1. Take out a blank piece of paper 2. Think about any nucleated cell of the body. Make a list of what these cells need to be able to do both internally and externally. (example: make proteins) NO TALKING! I WOULD LIKE THIS TO BE YOUR OWN WORK What’s in a cell?(PART 2) 1. Introduce yourself to your neighbors. 2. Discuss your answers and see if you can agree on a list, and perhaps even name some of the structures that perform these duties. 48/26/2014 Human Anatomy, 5e by Marieb, Mallatt, and Wilhelm Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Plasma membrane Figure 2.1 Structure of a generalized cell. What structures defines the boundaries of a cell? Human Anatomy, 5e by Marieb, Mallatt, and Wilhelm Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Figure 2.2a Structure of the plasma membrane • Separates extracellular & intracellular (cytoplasm) fluid • Phospholipid bilayer • Protein molecules identify cells and create pathways for transport in & out Extracellular fluid Glycoprotein Glycolipid (watery environment) Carbohydrate of glycocalyx Polar heads of phospholipid molecules Nonpolar tails of phospholipid molecules Cytoplasm (watery environment) Protein Human Anatomy, 5e by Marieb, Mallatt, and Wilhelm Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Cytosol Figure 2.1 Structure of a generalized cell. What is the difference between cytoplasm & cytosol? Cytoplasm includes fluid cytosol + membrane bound organelles 58/26/2014 Human Anatomy, 5e by Marieb, Mallatt, and Wilhelm Copyright © 2008 Pearson Educ publishing as Benjamin Cumming ation, Inc., s. Rough endoplasmic reticulum Ribosomes Golgi apparatus Figure 2.1 Structure of a generalized cell. Membrane bound organelles: • Endoplasmic reticulumà rough (ribosomes) & smooth • Mitochondria • Golgi apparatus • Lysosomes Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Lysosome Mitochondrion What is the function of ribosomes? A. To produce ATP for cell energy