8/30/20141ConnectiveTissueStudy tip #2:Be present at lecture (both physically & mentally)Connective TissuesCells separated from one another by an abundant extracellular matrixHuman Anatomy, 5eby Marieb, Mallatt, and WilhelmCopyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc.,publishing as Benjamin Cummings.Figure 22.5 Histological layers of the alimentary canal (from esophagus through large intestine).Connective TissueFunction 1: Connects other tissues and organs together8/30/20142Human Anatomy, 5eby Marieb, Mallatt, and WilhelmCopyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc.,publishing as Benjamin Cummings.Function 2: Forms skeletal tissue (bone & cartilage are CT)http://www.oum.ox.ac.uk/thezone/animals/life/move1.htmHuman Anatomy, 5eby Marieb, Mallatt, and WilhelmCopyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc.,publishing as Benjamin Cummings.Function 3: Carries & stores nutrients (blood is a CT)Human Anatomy, 5eby Marieb, Mallatt, and WilhelmCopyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc.,publishing as Benjamin Cummings.Function 4: Supports blood vessels & nervesneuromedia.neurobio.ucla.edu8/30/20143Human Anatomy, 5eby Marieb, Mallatt, and WilhelmCopyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc.,publishing as Benjamin Cummings.1. 2. 3. 4. Fig. 4.10 Basic organization of connective tissueEXTRACELULAR MATRIX + CELLSCellsLiving componentExtracellular matrix =Ground substance + protein fibersNON-LIVING COMPONENTHuman Anatomy, 5eby Marieb, Mallatt, and WilhelmCopyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc.,publishing as Benjamin Cummings.Figure 4.11 Areolar connective tissue: a model connective tissue.Groundsubstance Collagen fibersReticularfiberCapillaryElasticfiberNerveSTRENGTH comes from supporting protein fibers of Extracellular Matrix:1. Collagen fibers• Strongest• Most abundant2. Elastic fibers• Stretch & rebound3. Reticular fibers• Short fibers• Support network8/30/20144Human Anatomy, 5eby Marieb, Mallatt, and WilhelmCopyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc.,publishing as Benjamin Cummings.Figure 4.11 Areolar connective tissue: a model connective tissue.Groundsubstance CapillaryNerveGround substance can be:• Jelly like • CT proper• Cartilage • Fluid• Blood• Mineralized • Bone Human Anatomy, 5eby Marieb, Mallatt, and WilhelmCopyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc.,publishing as Benjamin Cummings.Figure 4.11 Areolar connective tissue: a model connective tissue.CapillaryNerveConnective Tissue is also:• Vascularized• InnervatedSubtypes:LooseDense“-blasts” are immature cells that produce (among other things) the supporting fibers found in the extracellular matrix8/30/20145Subtypes:HyalineFibrocartilageElasticSubtypes:CompactSpongy8/30/20146Connective Tissue Proper– Loose– DenseCartilage– Hyaline– Fibrocartilage– ElasticBone– Compact– SpongyBloodFig. 4.9 Classes of connective tissueCT Proper:• More ground substance & fewer fibers than other CT typesSupport system for many large organsThere are 2 subtypes of connective tissue proper: Loose & Dense. Given what you know about the composition of connective tissue, what might differ between a loose and dense connective tissue? A. A loose connective tissue would not surround another structure as tightly as a dense connective tissue.B. A dense connective tissue would have a higher concentration of fibers than a loose connective tissue.C. Cells of a dense connective tissue would be more tightly packed with lots of cell junctions.8/30/20147Fig. 4.9 Classes of connective tissueMost commonly supports epithelial tissuesFewer fibers than Dense CTHuman Anatomy, 5eby Marieb, Mallatt, and WilhelmCopyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc.,publishing as Benjamin Cummings.Figure 4.11 Areolar connective tissue: a model connective tissue.Groundsubstance Collagen fibersReticularfiberElasticfiberEXTRACELLULAR MATRIXHuman Anatomy, 5eby Marieb, Mallatt, and WilhelmCopyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc.,publishing as Benjamin Cummings.Which cell type is secreting the fibers and ground substance found in Loose Areolar CT?A. LeukocytesB. ChondroblastsC. OsteoblastsD. Mast cellsE. Fibroblasts8/30/20148Human Anatomy, 5eby Marieb, Mallatt, and WilhelmCopyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc.,publishing as Benjamin Cummings.Figure 4.11 Areolar connective tissue: a model connective tissue.Macrophage-phagocytic-engulf foreign organisms/particlesFibroblast-produces fibers Mast cell-secrete histamine which causes INFLAMMATION Lymphocyte-white blood cellFat cell-storage cell-occur in clusters or alonePlasma cell-secrete antibodies that mark foreign cells for destructionNeutrophil-white blood cellCELLULAR COMPONENTSFig. 4.12b Loose Areolar CTFig. 4.9 Classes of connective tissue8/30/20149• PROTECTION• High concentration of fat cells >90%• Found in hypodermis (below skin)• Nutrient storageFig. 4.12c Adipose TissueFig. 4.12d Reticular CT• NETWORK of reticular fibers• Found in organs like spleen where high concentration of blood cellsFig. 4.9 Classes of connective tissue• Resistant to stronger pulling forces• More fibers than loose CT8/30/201410• Collagen fibers run parallel to one another• Ligaments & tendonsFig. 4.12f Dense Regular CTFig. 4.12e Dense Irregular CT• Collagen fibers run in many directions• NOT PARALLEL• Ex. Joint capsuleFig. 4.12g Elastic CT• High concentration elastic fibers• Ex. Large arteries8/30/201411Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva is a real disorder. Which of the following do you think is the best literal translation of the name?A. Fibers of bone continue to growB. Displaced connective tissue continues to growC. Bone breaks down into fibersD. Fibers are replaced by bone tissueE. Progressive displacement of bone Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva (FOP)*Figures from www.ifopa.orgHenry Eastlack skeletonNormalskeletonCopyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin CummingsWhat is a Membrane?8/30/201412Epithelial TissueConnective Tissue ProperE p i t h e l i a l T i s s u eC o n n e c t i v e Ti s s u e P r o p e r=> MembraneFigure 4.13 Covering and lining membranes.Cutaneousmembrane(skin)Mucosa ofnasal cavityMucosa oflung bronchiMucosa ofmouthEsophaguslining(a) Cutaneous membrane(b) Mucous membranes(c) Serous membranes3. SEROUS-Surrounds outside of organs and lines body cavities1. CUTANEOUS-skin2. MUCOUS-line organs that open to outside of bodyFigure 5.1 Skin structure.Epidermis(epithelium)Dermis(connective