Group Structure ContinuedGroup/Size- number of members in the group/teamNo best sizeDepends on purposeGroup Cohesiveness- the degree to which members are attracted to a group and share the group’s goalsWays to increase cohesiveness:Make the group smallerIncrease time spent together (isolate)Increase group status and admission difficultyStimulate competition with other groupsGive rewards to the group, not individualsGroup processesDecision makingAdvantages of group decision makingMore complete information making more complete information and knowledgeA diversity of experience and perspectivesIncreased acceptance of a solutionDisadvantages of group decision makingGroups almost always take more timeDominant and vocal minority can influence the decisionGroupthinkConflictPerceived incompatible differences resulting in some form of interference or oppositionTypes of conflict:Functional conflict vs dysfunctional conflictRelationship conflictTask conflictProcess ConflictGroup isn’t necessarily equal to the sum of its membersExample: Ringelann’s Rope-Pulling ExperimentGroups face many common blundersCommon problems in groups/teamsSocial facilitationSocial LoafingGroup polarizationGroupthink & ConformityDeindividuationSocial FacilitationProcess whereby the presence of others enhances performance on easy tasks but impairs performance on complex tasks.Evaluation apprehensionSocial LoafingWhen contributions are pooled, individuals reduce their effortWays to combatIdentify and evaluate individual performanceMembers believe their efforts are necessary for the outcomePunish poor performancePoor performance is noticed, acknowledgedGroups should be small and cohesiveGroup PolarizationExaggeration of initial tendencies in the thinking of group members, through group discussionIf everyone has a similar opinion about a topic, you’re likely to develop stronger views on the topicTends to account why groups make more risky decisions than individualsWays to combat:Avoid group decisions- poll people individuallyDelay time between decisions and implementationGroupthinkExcessive tendency to seek concurrence among group membersMost likely to occur in highly cohesive groups, with similar backgrounds, in stressful situations where decisions need to be made quicklyWays to combat:Keep group size smallEncourage “good conflict”Appoint a member to play devil’s advocateCombine individual and group decision making process (nominal group technique)DeindividuationLoss of a person’s sense of individuality and the reduction of normal constraints against deviant behavior.Ways to combat:Hold both individuals and groups accountableMore face-to-face communication (or richer media)Team EffectivenessCharacteristics of Effective TeamsClear goalsRelevant skillsMutual trustUnified commitmentGood communicationNegotiatingAppropriate leadershipInternal supportExternal supportBuilding emotional intelligence in teamsBest way to manage emotions if to acknowledge that they exist, and use them to strength groupsTrust, identity, efficacyAdditional ways to create and build effective teams (overview)SelectionSelect people to make team more effectiveRewardingAlign for task interdependence and outcome interdependenceRewarding people for working togetherReward both group and individual and group effortsSelectionGeneral mental abilityConscientiousnessPreference for group workAssess KSAs relevant to group workRewardsAlign for task interdependence and outcome interdependenceTeam development activities- Team building interventionsEncompasses WIDE range of activities/programsGoal: varies; often team cohesion, communication, appreciation for differences, inclusion, trustShare as much as you can about the challenge and why it’s important to the companyInvolve members in brainstormingOffer a chance to gain new skills to meet the challengeMake it fun, actionable, and visibleTeam Member TrainingGeneric teamwork skillsTeam coordination trainingSelf managementTeam self-correction trainingMGT 305 1nd Edition Lecture 18Outline of Last Lecture I. Key Components of Groups and TeamsII. Group Formation and DevelopmentIII. Punctuated Equilibrium ModelIV. Group Behavior Modela. Group member resourcesb. Group structure Outline of Current Lecture I. Group Structure continueda. Group/sizeb. Group cohesivenessII. Group processesIII. Team EffectivenessIV. Additional ways to create and build teamsCurrent Lecture- Managing Teams Part 2Group Structure Continued- Group/Size- number of members in the group/teamo No best sizeo Depends on purpose- Group Cohesiveness- the degree to which members are attracted to a group and share the group’s goalso Ways to increase cohesiveness: Make the group smaller Increase time spent together (isolate)These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. Increase group status and admission difficulty Stimulate competition with other groups Give rewards to the group, not individuals Group processes Decision making- Advantages of group decision makingo More complete information making more complete information and knowledgeo A diversity of experience and perspectiveso Increased acceptance of a solution- Disadvantages of group decision makingo Groups almost always take more timeo Dominant and vocal minority can influence the decisiono Groupthink Conflict- Perceived incompatible differences resulting in some form of interference or opposition- Types of conflict:o Functional conflict vs dysfunctional conflict Relationship conflict Task conflict Process Conflict- Group isn’t necessarily equal to the sum of its memberso Example: Ringelann’s Rope-Pulling Experiment- Groups face many common blunders Common problems in groups/teams- Social facilitation- Social Loafing- Group polarization- Groupthink & Conformity- Deindividuation Social Facilitation- Process whereby the presence of others enhances performance on easy tasks but impairs performance on complex tasks.o Evaluation apprehension Social Loafing- When contributions are pooled, individuals reduce their effort- Ways to combato Identify and evaluate individual performanceo Members believe their efforts are necessary for the outcomeo Punish poor performance Poor performance is noticed, acknowledgedo Groups should be small and cohesive Group Polarization- Exaggeration of