BIO 151 1nd Edition Lecture 20 Outline of Last Lecture - Transfer RNA- Wobble Base flexibility- Ribosomes as the assembler- Translation- Elongation phase- Termination- Why transcribe RNAOutline of Current Lecture - Transcription unit- DNA sequence- Gene Definitiono Gene definition 2.0- MorpholinoCurrent Lecture- Transcription unit includes: promoter (TATAAA box), region that is being transcripted terminator- Start codon=31o ATG where starts- RNA polymerase comes to transcribe at TATAAo 5’ to 3’- Not all translation starts at 1st ATG- BIG PICTURE: DNA  RNA Proteino Process cell uses to transcribe from templateo In eukaryotic cell, split between happening in nucleus and cytoplasmThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.o Pre mRNA has problems unstable, too much infoo Ribosome needs mRNA and assemble polypeptide chaino tRNA as the adapter: charged tRNA enters at A siteo P tunnel polypeptide chain  release factor makes polypeptide exit ribosomal subunits- DNA sequence contains info abouto Where to start (promotor) and stop (terminator) DNA transcriptiono Where to splice (introns and exons) and process (splice sites, and poly A signal) pre-mRNAo Where to start (1 codon) and stop (3 codons) translation of mRNAo What amino acids to put into the protein - Gene=unit of heredityo Gene: sequence of DNA nucleotides that cell transcribes info RNA and then translate into protein Not all DNA transcribed into RNA is translated into protein - Ei. snRNA, tRNA, rRNA, microRNA (splicosome)o Gene: (2.0) region of DNA including a promoter, transcribed region, and transcriptional terminator It may or may not be translated into protein!- Morpholino: sterically blocks the central dogmao Single strand of RNA-like nucleotides (usually 20-25 nts long) that specifically complements and binds to the native pre-mRNA of your gene of interesto Can make mRNA double stranded if put a morpholino targeting red geneo Morpholino : synthetic chain of nucleotides that complentary to pre-mRNA makes a region of mRNA double stranded Splicosome gets confused (bc double stranded). snRNA can’t bind donor sequence of introl 2.  Synthesized polypeptide is missing amino acids coded by exon 2… red protein doesn’t functiono If morpholino is area of exon = splicing is okay, but screws up translation Small ribosomal subunit can’t bind mRNA, initiator tRNA can’t bind start codonno translated red