BIO 151 1nd Edition Lecture 1Outline of Last Lecture I. Introductions, no new materialOutline of Current Lecture II. Regulation of Gene TranscriptionA. Definition of regulon III. Alternative Methods of Gene Regulation at the Transcriptional Level (Quorum Sensing and the Two- Component System)IV. Methods of Gene Regulation at the Translational LevelV. Introduction to MutationsCurrent Lecture- Important concepts:o Life originated and evolved in aqueous environments Solution based chemistry Life on Mars dependent on water Molecules behavior in watero Compounds used to build structures in living systems are carbon based (organic compounds Carbon is abundant- “CHOPNS”o C, O, H, N make up 90% of all systemso + P, S = make up 96% of systems- Chemical Bonds: interactions between elementso Covalent bonds (strongest): 2 atoms share electrons If shared equally: Non polar covalent Polar covalent: shared unequally (ei. H2O)o Ionic Bond: electrons striped from one atom to anther (NaCl) more from less EN to more ENo Hydrogen Bond: partial charges allow water to associate with neighbors Although weak have the potential to be strong bc of amount of bondso Van de waals: micro fluctuations that interact (hydrophobic interactions)- Why water is important:These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.o Cohesion: tendency of H2O molecules to stick together ei water can move to the top of a treeo High specific heat: takes great deal of heat to change temperature of 1g H2O by 1 degree C (bodies of water can act as temperature buffers)o H2O(s) is les dense than H2O(l): ice is locked into a lattice with exactly four neighbors making it less dense (more spread out) (ice floats)o Very good solvent: Hydrophilic (water loving): charged, partially charged, interact readily with water- Dissolve into H2O- Ionic, polar (rich in EN: O, N; -OH,-NH) Hydrophobic: H2O hating/fearing; nonpolar bonds- -CH (hydrocarbons)- Macromolecules: large molecules that are combinations of small organic moleguleso Condensation (dehydration) reactions: product is polymer/monomer and H2Oo Polymer: multiple monomerso Monomer: make up polymerso Hydrolysis reaction: breaks down a polymer; “water
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