BIO151 1nd Edition Lecture 5 Outline of Last Lecture - Membrane Fluidity- Membrane Transporto Transport proteinso Energy Requirements Passive and Active Transporto Coupling mechanismsOutline of Current Lecture - Prokaryotic Cells- Eukaryotic Cellso Nucleus o Endomembrane system Traffic patterns Exocytosis/endocytosis Degradation and recyclingCurrent Lecture- Active transport driven by ATP hydrolysiso Transport protein called ATPase- Cotransport: two or more molecules moving at onceo one is moving down the concentration gradiento one is moving up links favorable to unfavorable by using a single transport protein, we can physically link an energetically unfavorable rxn to an energetically favorable rxn.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Antiport system: two different directions; uses antiporter- Symport System: “same” molecules move in same directions- Single cell = 3.6 billion years agoo Structurally simpleo Biochemically advancedo Prokaryotes (before nucleus) like Bacteria Small (1-10) micrometers Very simple membrane No internal membrane, no organelle- Larger, more complex cells (Eukaryotes=true nucleus)= 1.5 billion yrs agoo Signature organelle: nucleuso 10x bigger than Eukaryotic cell 10-100micrometers in diameter diameter increases by 10x volume increases by 100xo Internal membrane compartments = organelleso As size increases, so does information and energyo DNA content: >10x Multiple DNA molecules package them into the nucleuso Includes lots of classes: Protist, Animals, Plants, Fungi Endomembrane System: for processing and delivery of materials inside membrane; all organelles work together simultaneously Cytoskeleton: provide internal structural support Large organelles with additional DNA: includes mitochondria (all Eukaryotes have this), plastids (includes chloroplasts): algae and plantso Plants have: cell walls, vacuoles, and plastidso Fungi have cell walls and vacuoleso Animals have lysosomes which is comparable to
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