Art 100 1st EditionExam # 2 Study Guide Lectures: 6-10Lecture 6 from Cultural Objects to CanvassesLecture 7 Manifest Destiny – Destruction of Nature and Genocide- Two Approaches to NatureNative American Approach: Incorporating nature into art, clothing, and ceramics European American Approach: landscape, Native American portraiture, and still-life painting- Conventions in American Landscape painting: Sublime (two types), and the picturesque- which fall into which category? Pay special attention to these painters:Trumbull: picturesque painter Ex: “Niagara falls from and upper bank on the British side”Cole: Both picturesque and Sublime painter ex: “Niagara Falls” which is picturesque or sublimeChurch: Sublime painter ex: “To the memory of Cole”Kennset: Sublime (Luminous) painter ex: “Marine off big rock”- 19th Century European American painters sometimes thought of the Native Americans as nature. How is this reflected in their paintings? Pay special attention to Catlin: Ex “Catlin Painting Mah-to-toh-pa, the four Bears” Mandan Chief, George Catlin. Heightened presence of the Mandan chief in the composition and the connection between the Mandan and nature.Bodmer: Ex “Chan-cha-uia-teuin (Woman of the crow nation) Teton Sioux Woman, Karl Bodmer. Bodmers paintings are often much more precise in their rendering of costumes and facial features than Catlins, probably due to a more extensive training. King: Ex “Keokuk, sac” (Watchful Fox) Charles Bird King. At ease with a slight smile, simple medallion reminiscent of the peace medals distributed to Native leaders.- The effects of progress and the settling of the West on nature as recorded in paintings by:Bierstadt: Shows America before the “Progress” / expansion Leutze: Ex, “Westward the Course…” no native Americans and they are concurring nature, showcasing the pioneering spirit.Durand, Duncanson, Innes: Durand, “Kindred Spirits” Memorial painting for Thomas Cole, it’s an idealistic place, it showcased look out points. Duncanson, “Blue Hole, LittleMiami River”, he was an African American Painter born into a wealthy family that freed slaves, could be explained as picturesque and sublime.- Woman as Nature: the nude, the mother and the cooko John Vanderlyns “Ariande, Asleep at the Island of Nexos” Woman represented the body, the senses, and the earth. Men represented the mind and the worlds of art and industry.o Lily Martin Spencer, “Kiss Me and You’ll Kiss the Lasses”, asserts seductiveness, female artist provided for her family, painted untraditional moments in marriage.- Nature as still life; the subject of scientific observationo The Peales Still life paintings, “The fruit with peaches covered by a handkerchief”,his father was upset his son wanted to be a still life painting because its considered low on the art pyramided. o Lawson and Audubon “Two Cats fighting” Audubon killed animals in order to paint the, was considered a naturalist. Lecture 8 U.S./Mexico, (lithography and Santeros) and images of the Civil WarLecture 9 The US Capitol, and other “monuments to freedom”The War between the United States and Mexico- How did the development of the “penny press” affect the way that images were produced and distributed in America? Tailored accounts to the expansionist interests of their business, was a quick way of reproduction and also cheap.- How were the different political viewpoints expressed in images about the war of 1846-1848 between Mexico and the United States as discussed in the book?Emmanuel Leutze: “The storming of the Teocalli by Cortez and his troops”, Teocalli-was atemple, Leutze was a protestant. This was an interpretation of history; Catholics are shown as villains, Aztecs fighting nobly. Richard Caton Woodville: “Old 76 and Young 48” Shows a young soldier eager and excited and an old soldier contemplative and reluctant. Shows a different views on the war, important because he only has 20 paintings.- What types of objects were found in New Mexico churches and homes, and what influenced the artisans who made them.Religious paintings and sculptures:Furniture:Weavings:The Civil War- How were the different political viewpoints expressed in paintings and photographs about the civil war? Think about how long they are complicit with slavery, ambiguous about it, or critical of it. “Negro life in the South” Eastman Johnson, Abolitionists vs. slave owners, shown as an argument for both sides - How did art develop in the aftermath of the Civil War, as the newly consolidated nation began to grapple with contradictory viewpoints about race and power in the northern and southern states?John Lewis Kimmel:Nathaniel Jocelyns “Cinque””: Funded by abolitionists, showed a mutiny on a Spanish shipRobert Duncansons “Uncle Tom and Little Eva”: Faithfull servant to his much younger mistress, spiritual redemption Eastman Johnson: “A ride for the fugitive slaves” Young African American family fleeing to freedomWinslow Homer: “The bright side” stereotypically offensive compared to Lambdins “At the front”Thomas Nast:Photography: album cards, mounted prints, stereoscopic imagesSculpture- How was Lincoln commemorated in sculpture after the Civil War? - How were the issues faced by woman who wanted to be sculptors, and how did they address them? The Greek Slave, Hiram Powers- Consider Thomas Crawfords “The Progress of Civilization” on the Senate Wing of the US Capital what is Crawford saying about the nature of progress? o Augustus Saint-Gaudens, General Sherman Monument, Augustus Saint Gaudens and Robert Gould Shaw Memorial which was a sculpture of a union colonel who led a regimen of black soldierso Thomas Ballo Harriet Hosmer, Zenobia in chains, symbol of morality resistance o Edmonia Lewiso Thomas Crawford, Plaster model of freedom and the progress of civilization, bothcelebrated American expansionism VocabularyGenera PaintingSanteroStereographBultoGesso“Manifest Destiny”FrescoPedimentLecture 10 Workers UnrestThe Changing Role of Woman and the rise of AestheticismImages of workersMen- What were the different ways in which stokes and workers concerns were commemorated in paintings and sculptures? The strike, Robert KoehlerThe Haymarket memorialsStatue of Liberty- How was the medical profession depicted by Thomas Eakins? “The Gross Clinic” and “Agnew Clinic” he painted important surgeons, was