Linguistics 103 UCLA General Phonetics IPA consonants as pronounced by Bruce Hayes. If you are a random Internet user who has stumbled on this page, I recommend official IPA sources for the maximally authoritative/authentic versions of these sounds. See http://www2.arts.gla.ac.uk/IPA/ipa.html. These particular renditions are intended simply as a help for my own students taking dictation exams from me. The sounds are pronounced in the following context: / »___ a, »a ___ a. I normally use a ligature: É for two-part symbols, but this doesn’t seem to work on the Internet, so I leave it out here. Sounds that are in the IPA, but not included by me in tests, are shown in italics. Click high up on the symbol to play it; this seems to be a problem with links in PDF documents. You may also find it useful to click the “magnify” button on the Adobe PDF Reader. Students of Bruce Hayes may obtain a compact disk of this chart and its associated sound files by bringing a blank CD to his office hours.Bilabial Labio-dental Linguo-Labial (Inter-)Dental Alveolar Palato-Alveolar Retroflex Alveolo-Palatal Palatal Velar Uvular PharyngealEpiglottalGlottalstops voiceless p t t5 t t ˇ c k q  / voiced b d d5 d d     ejective p’ t' t5' t’ t’ ˇ’ c’ k’ q’ implosive ∫ Î  ©  affricates voiceless p∏ pf tT t5T ts tS ˇß t cç kx qX voiced bB bv dð d5D dz d Ω d  gƒ “ fricatives voiceless ∏ f T T s    ç x    h voiced B v ð ð z  Ω   ƒ “ ÷  ˙ lateral fricatives voiceless  voiced  nasals voiced m M n n n n ˜ ¯ N  trills  r  taps/flaps   approximants central  ®  j  lateral l5 l l    s’ ejective s kp voiceless labial-velar stop gb voiced labial-velar stop  voiceless labial-velar fricative w voiced labial-velar central approximant  voiced labial-palatal central approximant  alveolar lateral flap  simultaneous S and x t voiceless lateral affricate d voiced lateral affricate , g,  bilabial clicks |, g|, | dental click !, g!, ! postalveolar click , g,  palato(-alveolar) click , g,  lateral