Linguistics 103 B. HayesGeneral PhoneticsPractice in Reading TranscriptionTo help you in learning transcription, here is a sample passage, written in a fairly broadphonemic transcription. The transcription represents my own speech, which is a fairly neutralvariety of American English. I’ve include ligatures for diphthongs and affricates, but no lengthmarks, since their use for American English is a matter of dispute. The original punctuation isincluded for clarity, though this is not part of the IPA. Capitalization is not reflected, since theIPA has no way of depicting capital/lower case distinction. A caution: many “little words” (grammatical words) have special pronunciations when usedin a sentence. Thus for is [»fo®] by itself, but [f‘] in (say) go for broke. Also, consonants areoften dropped from long consonant sequences in connected speech; I’ve occasionally reflectedthis in the transcription as well.The answer (orthographic version) to the transcription is given on the next page.Feedback on this new exercise (including corrections and complaints) is welcome.[»pninif®m «wiki»pii,  »fri n«saÉkl»pii»pnini wz n »eÉntÉSnt »ndin g®»me®in (»p®ksmtli »ffT »sntÉS®i «bi»si) hu z«moÉUst »feÉms f‘ »fo®mj«leÉ »fo® »TaÉUznd »®ulz v »sænsk®t mo®»fldÉZi. »pniniz »g®æm‘ v »sænsk®t z »haÉli »sstm«taÉzd n ®»laÉz n »pæ‘nz »faÉUnd n »lægwdÉZ. »fitÉS‘z v »lægwdÉZ ® »kæg«®aÉzd »ko® t e® «sm»le®iz, n »n»fo®m  »sbdÉZkt »mæ‘ v  »s v »o®‘d «mo®f»ldÉZkl »®ulz wtÉS »knst«tut  »blk v  »wŒk. n»h®nt n i «æn»lk »p®oÉUtÉS m»ploÉd ba »pnini r  »knspts v  »foÉUnim n  »mo®fim, »oÉUnli »®kg«nazd baÉ »wst‘n «lgwsts m»lni «æft‘ hiLinguistics 103 Practice passage: reading transcription p. 2»juzd m.  p»ninin »g®æm‘ z »noÉUbli ds»k®ptv; t dz »n »tmpt t »tl »pipl »haÉUeÉ Sd »spik n »®aÉt; »pnini wz »oÉUnli kn»sŒnd wT wt »pipl »æktÉSuli »dd «seÉ n «®aÉt.»pniniz »®ulz ‘ »sd t bi »pŒfkt — æ z, eÉ »pŒfkli ds»k®aÉb »sænsk®t mo®»fldÉZi, æn ®»grd z »soÉU »kli® t km»pju‘ «saÉ)sts hv »meÉd »jus v m t »titS km»pju‘z t «nd‘»stæn »sænsk®t.»pnini »juzz »m®ulz, «tÉS®ænsf‘»meÉSnz, n ®i»kŒZn n stÉS s«fst»keÉSn  z»g®æm‘ hæz  km»pju «paÉU‘ »kwvlnt tu  »tu® m«Sin. n »s «sns »pnini meÉ bi kn»s‘d e »f‘ v km»pju m»Sinz. p»ninin »g®æm‘z hv »lsoÉU bn d»vaÉzdf‘ »nn-«sænsk®t »lægwdÉZz.p»nini z »lsoÉU  »taÉp v »tæljn »sænwtÉS «brd »beÉkt n »sml »loÉUvz soU t i n»ta® »loÉUf kn bi »juzd f‘ »itÉS »sænwtÉS. n i »tæljn »lægwdÉZ, p»nini z »oÉUnli  »plŒl «fo®m v p»ninoÉU,  »sml »b®d »fn «h®»z)li »kt n »fld wT s»lmi, »hæm, »mit, o® »‘ «fud.“p»nini” z »lsoÉU  »b®ænd v »g®l «meÉd sp»sfkli f‘ »g®l iz «sænwtÉSz. ]Linguistics 103 Practice passage: reading transcription p. 3Answer:PaniniFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Panini was an ancient Indian grammarian (approximately 5th century BC) who is mostfamous for formulating 4,000 rules of Sanskrit morphology. Panini's grammar of Sanskrit is highly systematized and relies on patterns found in thelanguage. Features of language are categorized according to their similarities, and then form thesubject matter of the set of ordered morphological rules which constitute the bulk of the work.Inherent in the analytic approach employed by Panini are the concepts of the phoneme and themorpheme, only recognized by Western linguists millennia after he used them. The Paniniangrammar is notably descriptive; it does not attempt to tell people how they should speak andwrite; Panini was only concerned with what people actually did say and write. Panini's rules are said to be perfect - that is, they perfectly describe Sanskrit morphology,and regarded as so clear that computer scientists have made use of them to teach computers tounderstand Sanskrit. Panini uses metarules, transformations, and recursion in such sophistication that hisgrammar has the computing power equivalent to a Turing machine. In this sense Panini may beconsidered the father of computing machines. Paninian grammars have also been devised fornon-Sanskrit languages. Panini is also a type of Italian sandwich bread baked in small loaves so that the entire loafcan be used for each sandwich. In the Italian language, panini is only the plural form of panino, a small bread oftenhorizontally cut and filled with salame, ham, meat, or other food. "Panini" is also a brand of grill made specifically for grilling these sandwiches. Caution: the Wikipedia, an internet encyclopedia, is compiled by enthusiastic amateurs, soyou should not necessarily believe everything this passage tells you about Panini (or