VANKE VISION: SUSTAINABLE RESIDENTIAL RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT IN DEVELOPMENT IN SHANGHAI SHANGHAI vol. 2: design workshop | spring 2006© MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.asaTABLE OF CONTENTStable of contents 2introduction 4the studio process 6community 8site systems 22building Systems 30bai ma 36qibao 62conclusion 120appendix 122acknowledgments 134MIT | SUSTAINABLE RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT IN SHANGHAI INTRODUCTION3asaINTRODUCTIONintroductionFrom September 2005 to June 2006, with the gen-erous support of the Vanke Real Estate Group (Shanghai Offi ce), three graduate courses were offered by the Department of Urban Studies and Planning at MIT: Research Seminar in Fall, 2005; Field Survey during Independent Activities Pe-riod (IAP) in January 2006; and Planning and De-sign Workshop in Spring 2006. Vanke’s goal is to continue to improve the design of their housing communities as issues of sustainability become national priorities. All three courses take as their organizing principle that sustainability is not just concerned with environmental issues but equally with economics and equity. Our purpose is to fi nd solutions that are environmentally sound, ec-onomically viable and accessible to all residents. This Urban Planning and Design Handbook is the work of the Planning and Design Workshop. Vanke provided two sites for the class to explore: Baima and Qibao. Baima is surrounded by farm-land and low-density villas. Qibao is in a fully ur-banized context. In the fi rst stage, students re-vised the development principles developed during the Research Seminar. Based on their fi eld observations, resident surveys and interviews, they reorganized the original four categories into three systems (community facilities, site systems, and building systems). In order to design for a long term, we identifi ed several scenarios:1. National regulations will prioritize energy con-servation, resource conservation, environ-mental protection, economic growth, public transportation, social equity (urban/rural and intra-urban), and local control. 2. Energy (oil, coal, and electricity) prices will rise signifi cantly. 3. There will be serious resource depletion includ-ing drinking water, building materials, cheap labor, land (farm land, building land, recre-ation land, and land for solid waste disposal).4. Increase in air and water pollution.5. Demographic changes including aging popula-tion, more in-migration, fewer children, later marriage and childbearing age, the diminish-ing centrality of the family. 6. Life style changes including increased con-sumerism/consumption, higher indoor com-fort levels, more auto ownership, increased demand for recreation and entertainment, higher incomes, more services and fewer in-dustrial jobs, more internet use. Students were then divided into two teams work-ing on both sites proposing both programs and design schemes. After mid-term, each team spent two weeks switched their sites and made quick proposals for the other sites in order to take ad-vantage of students’ various background and in-terests. Then they worked on their original sites and developed comprehensive schemes for the rest of the semester. VANKE VISION: SUSTAINABLE RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT IN SHANGHAIURBAN PLANNING AND DESIGN HANDBOOK Vol. 2. Planning and Design WorkshopMAY 2006MIT | SUSTAINABLE RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT IN SHANGHAI INTRODUCTION5asaAUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBERSITE VISIT PROFESSOR TUNNEY LEE AND LIANG ZHAO VISIT SHANGHAI VANKE. TRENDS AND PRECEDENTS TWO TEAMS RESEARCH THE FOLLOWING TOPICS: • SHANGHAI’S TRENDS IN THE NEXT DECADE• PRECEDENTS OF RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT IN OTHER COUNTRIESSUSTAINABILITY RESEARCH FOUR TEAMS EXPLORE ISSUES REGARDING SUSTAINABLE RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT:• COMMUNITY FACILITIES• SITE SYSTEMS• OPEN SPACES• BUILDING SYSTEMSSUSTAINABILITYHANDBOOKTRENDS DEFINEDLECTURE 1 LIANG ZHAO: INTRODUCTION OF VANKE AND HOLIDAY TOWN PROJECTSURVEYPREPARE QUESTIONNAIRE AND ONSITE SURVEYEQUITYENVIRONMENTECONOMYLECTURE 3 LIANG ZHAO: EXPERIENCING URBAN SHANGHAILECTURE 4 RICK PEISER: WHAT CAN SHANGHAI LEARN FROM OTHER NEW TOWNS?LECTURE 5 OMAR KHALIDI: RESEARCH TECHNIQUESLECTURE 2 LIANG ZHAO: HISTORIC CONTEXT OF HOUSING DEVELOPMENT IN CHINA LECTURE 6 LIANG ZHAO: GRAPHIC LANGUAGESLECTURE 7 TUNNEY LEE: ORGANIZING THE HAND-BOOK LECTURE 13 LARRY VALE: SURVEY TECHNIQUESLECTURE 10 LEON GLICKSMAN: BUILDING TECH-NIQUESLECTURE 11 CHRIS ZEGRAS: TRANSPORTATION LECTURE 12 YUNG HO CHANG: RESIDENTIAL DEVEL-OPMENT IN CHINALECTURE 9 BING WANG: FORMATION OF URBAN PATTERNS IN SHANGHAILECTURE 8 ERAN BEN-JOSEPH: CASE STUDY IN NEW TOWN DEVELOPMENT THE STUDIO PROCESSJANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL MAYSITE ANALYSIS PROGRAMMING• COMMUNITY• SITE SYSTEMS• BUILDING SYSTEMSEXHIBITIONSTUDENTS DISPLAY FINAL DESIGNS AND DOCUMENTS TEAMS TRADE BACK SITES AND CONTINUE SUSTAINABLE PLAN-NING OF BAI MA AND QIBAO SITES FINAL REVIEWMIDTERM REVIEWDESIGN PRELIMINARY DESIGNS FOR BAI MA AND QIBAO SITES NEEDS DEFINEDSITE VISIT STUDENTS IN RESEARCH SEMINAR AND DESIGN STUDIO VISIT SHANGHAI ON-SITE SURVEYS CONDUCTED AT THE HOLIDAY TOWN PROJECT ONE DAY DESIGN EXERCISE FOR TWO NEW SITES: BAI MA AND QIBAO UPDATE SUSTAINABILITY HANDBOOKREFINE SCHEMESSYNTHESIZELECTURE 1 TUNNEY LEE AND LIANG ZHAO: IDENTIFY-ING SCENARIOSLECTURE 2 LIFANG WANG: PUBLIC SPACES IN CHI-NESE TRADITIONAL COURTYARD HOUSESLECTURE 3 NA SUN: GATED COMMUNITY STUDY 1LECTURE 4 NA SUN: GATED COMMUNITY STUDY 2LECTURE 5 ED RICE: DAYLIGHTING ISSUES IN BUILD-INGSSITE SWITCH THE TWO TEAMS TRADE PROJECTS TO GAIN DIFFER-ERENT PER-SPECTIVE TRENDS UPDATEDMIT | SUSTAINABLE RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT IN SHANGHAI