27SUSTAINABLE RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT HANDBOOKcommunity facilitiesCOMMUNITY FACILITIES2829SUSTAINABLE RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT HANDBOOKcommunity facilitiesCommunity Space in ChinaSource: http://www.china.org.cn/e-china/images/u10.jpg EconomicsEnvironmentThree Considerations of SustainabiltyEqualityGood community space:Is SocialPromotes neighborly interaction among residentsPromotes interaction with the larger communityo Physically connects to larger community with public streets, pathways, etc.o Has some services/facilities that are available to outsiders, e.g. school, park space Is comfortable to community residentsAdequate garbage facilitieso Trash pick-upRegular facilities/landscape maintenance/cleaningContributes to a feeling of safety/actually is safeContributes to the convenience of living in the developmentIs adaptable to residents and over timeAllows for different uses without being prescriptiveAccommodates children and the elderlyCreates cohesion and an identityPromotes a sense of ownership--Promotes a sense of placeo Feels like a place that is my place, or our placePromotes the arts with spaces with visual arts, music, dance, etc.Addresses historyPromotes a physically active lifestyle or otherwise promotes community healthSustainable community space:Is financially sustainableContributes to a thriving economyAllows for entrepreneurship (small commercial spaces)Has job creation potentialHas a financial plan to accommodate maintenance over timeIs environmentally responsibleMinimizes energy usePromotes access by mass transit, bicycles, and on footContributes to a comfortable micro-climateManages storm-water on site as much as possibleUses water, land, efficientlyIs equitableIs accessible to a broad range of people across ages and interests, socio-economic levels e Contributes to the well-being of the community at largeAllows for residents of surrounding community have access to facilities and servicesContributes to the health of the communityIs adaptableCan be adapted to accommodate changing demographics of the community it serves2829SUSTAINABLE RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT HANDBOOKcommunity facilitiesCommunity Facilities:Community is a vague concept, able to be perceived at many levels, taking on many different forms and functions. To generate a comprehensive list of community facilities, we found it useful to brainstorm around three different categories, these categories being:1. COMMERCIAL - retail - entertainment - prepared food -grocery/convenience -services -transit2. INDOOR COMMUNITY - civic - cultural - community space - physical recreation3. OUTDOOR COMMUNITY - green space - plaza/hardscape - physical recreation3031SUSTAINABLE RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT HANDBOOKcommunity facilitiesHoliday Town, Shanghai, ChinaThe adjacent diagram depicts the existing relationship of surrounding amenities to the Holiday Town development. Amenities within the smallest 0.5 km ring are considered to be within a comfortable walking distance from the site. The largest 3 km radius represents the distance that a resident would feel comfortable bicycling from the site. The red dots indicate frequent use facilities, and this diagram reveals that these daily amenities are primarily located 2 to 3 km away from the center of the site. This distance far exceeds the comfortable walking distance of 0.5 km, and indicates that Holiday Town needs to provide a variety of community facilities on site, not only for the Holiday Town residents, but also for those living in neighboring developments.This diagram is not used to imply that community facilities should be concentrated at the center of the Holiday Town site. The rings are used as a practical matter to estimate the average distance that a resident of Holiday Town would have to travel to access a neighborhood amenity.Holiday Town, Shanghai, China (Chinese)Source: Vanke3031SUSTAINABLE RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT HANDBOOKcommunity facilities3233SUSTAINABLE RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT HANDBOOKcommunity facilitiesLisovyi Masyv, Kiev, UkraineThe housing development of Lisovyi Masyv in Kiev, Ukraine is an example of a planned residential quarter which factored walking distances into its design with respect to the locations of schools and other daily-use facilities. Each block was large and impenatrable by cars, however it was highly accessible by pedestrians and outside residents. This high level of public accessibility and openess allowed for many basic amenity kiosks to locate consistently throughout the interior of the residential blocks, along the numerous pedestrian paths provided.Kiev, Ukraine (Chinese)Source: MIT Kiev Studio (2005)Source: MIT Kiev Studio (2005)3233SUSTAINABLE RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT HANDBOOKcommunity facilities3435SUSTAINABLE RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT HANDBOOKcommunity facilitiesWoodlands New Town, SingaporeIn this case study, we see an even distribution of schools throughout the new town, but a clustering of "weekly use" facilities such as community centers and retail facilities, particularly around major transit hubs. Just as the Vanke Holiday Town site is bordered by a highway on one side and by a canal on another, this Woodlands New Town estate in Singapore is bordered on two sides by two highways, and on a third by the Straits of Johor. This effectively reduces the radius of accessible amenities to about a quarter of its potential size. This illustrates the importance of taking physical barriers that may prohibit or hinder access into account in assessing the accessibility of surrounding amenities. A related point is that it is not merely distance that determines the convenience of a community facility, but also its relation to other facilities. Clearly the distance as the bird flies is not a meaningful measure of convenience. Factors that need to be considered include path of travel, level of service by public transit, and proximity to other complementary facilities. Woodlands New Town, Singapore (Chinese)Source: www.can.com.sg3435SUSTAINABLE RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT HANDBOOKcommunity facilities3637SUSTAINABLE RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT HANDBOOKcommunity facilitiesMilton Keynes, EnglandMilton Keynes was built as