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35MIT | GAOMING PLANNING STUDIORESEARCH THROUGH DESIGN: Site AnalysisSITE ANALYSIS 当地状况分析We performed an inventory and analysis exercise to gain an understanding of the composite patterns and processes of the natural and man-made systems, to assess the opportunities and constraints (challenges) of the site, and to generate plan-ning and design concepts which would aid in transforming the site into an urban place. Using the available data (satellite imagery, GIS, CADD, imag-es, reports, observations, etc.) the class investigated, analyzed and evaluated the factors of seven analysis topics of the site and the proposed development, including: hydrology, land use, waterfront, villages, street networks, open space, and hous-ing. Each team generated a list of impacts and possibilities of each topic as it relates to the development; created inventory/analysis maps and diagrams using the base maps provided; developed constraints and opportunities for each particular topic; and generated a list of planning and design principles. Teams also chose case studies which represent successes and innovations or failures to provide model lessons in developing typologies for Gaoming. The following provides an overview of these inventories and analyses. 我们的调查和分析研究是为了寻求获得了解自然与人造系统的复合发展模式,去考量机会和限制(挑战),并且创造规划和设计的观念来协助当地向城市空间的转变。工作室使用现有的数据(卫星图像, 地理信息系统[GIS], 计算机自动辅助设计 [CADD], 图象, 报告, 调查等)调查、分析和评估了当地的发展,拟定出七个分析项目课题, 包括水文学、土地利用、河岸、村庄、街道网络、公共空间和住房。 各个组负责一个课题,列出可能对当地发展造成影响的因素;用所提供的基础地图作出分析图和图表; 探讨了各个课题的局限和机遇; 并且拟定出各种规划和设计原则。 各组也选择了专题案例研究, 这些案例代表了成功、创新和失败的例子, 为高明的发展方向提供了经验和参考。 下列提供了这些调查和分析的概要。3637MIT | GAOMING PLANNING STUDIORESEARCH THROUGH DESIGN: Site Analysis以设计作研究:当地状况分析 在高明规划The city of Gaoming 高明市3637MIT | GAOMING PLANNING STUDIORESEARCH THROUGH DESIGN: Site Analysis以设计作研究:当地状况分析 在高明规划Our group analyzed the structure of planning in China in order to understand the contexts and dynamics of development prac-tice. During the analysis, we started to understand the overall planning sequence and explored the difference between cen-tral and local governments in the process of land use planning. The central government emphasizes more socio-economic and environmental control, whereas the local governments focus more on economic developments. The roadmap for local planning agencies is based on the five year plan by the central government, with which local planning bodies are required to comply.We also examined the taxation structure of the local govern-ments and concluded that the current taxation system for de-velopment (based upon negotiations among different levels of local governments) might invite corruption. However, since we are not fully aware of the planning context in China, our analy-sis should be only regarded as our own judgment.The overall site contexts, such as the length of waterfront and the site area, were analyzed in order to have a sense of scale. We looked at how much density would be built given a gross residential designation by the city of Gaoming. We projected population growth based on the changes in density and looked at increases in the number of people per hectare. We also analyzed the current urban infrastructure by investigating the networks of the main existing arterial roads and civic nodes. By overlaying a one kilometer buffer around them, we realized there were some relationships between nodes and transpor-tation routes. We concluded that transportation would be an important aspect of Gaoming’s growth, since hospitals, civic centers, markets, and port areas were linked by two major road axes.LAND USE & TRANSPORTATION 土地利用和交通我们的小组分析了中国的规划组织制度以便了解当地环境状况和发展实践的机制。 在分析中, 我们开始了解整个规划的次序,发现中央政府和地方政府之间的土地利用计划的区别。中央政府更多强调社会经济和环境控制,而地方政府更多集中于经济发展。地方规划部门的路线图是基于中央政府的五年计划, 地方规划局均遵守此五年计划。我们研究了地方政府的税收制度并且知道当前的税制在不同级别的地方政府通过协商来分派,可能存在腐败现象。 但是, 因为我们不完全了解中国的规划体制,我们的分析主要是基于有限的认识和自己的评断。 规划区域,譬如河岸的长度和规划的面积, 我们通过分析对规划的空间尺度有了更好的掌握。城市密度决定了高明市的总住宅指标。我们通过密度的转变和每公顷人口数量的增长预计人口增长。我们也通过调查现存主干道和城市节点及网络分析了城市现有基础设施。通过覆盖一公里缓冲区,我们认识到节点和交通线路之间的一些关系。因为医院, 市中心, 市场和港口都以两个主要公路为轴心, 我们认为交通会是高明发展的一个重要方面。3839MIT | GAOMING PLANNING STUDIORESEARCH THROUGH DESIGN: Site Analysis以设计作研究:当地状况分析 在高明规划fi gure 1: Planning Structure图1:规划架构fi gure 2: Development Processes图2:发展过程CENTRALSocioeconomic balanceAgricultural land protectionEnvironmental controlLOCALEconomic developmentUrbanization IndustrializationCompeting GoalsCONSTRAINTSRampant growthPollutionLack of coordinationLack of Integration中央: 社会经济的平衡农业土地保护环境控制地方:经济发展城市化 工业化竞争目标限制:发展速度过快污染缺乏协调缺乏融合fi gure 2: Development Processes图2:发展过程GovernmentEconomic Planning CommissionDraft ApprovalUrban Planning Bureau Land Allocation ProcedureAdministrativeAllocationNegotiationTender or


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MIT 11 952 - Study Notes

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