SUSTAINABLE RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT HANDBOOK Contents INTRODUCTION ii TIMELINE iv CREDITS AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS vi SHANGHAI TRENDS 1 COMMUNITY FACILITIES 27 SITE SYSTEMS 41 OPEN SPACES 55 BUILDING SYSTEMS 95 FIELD TRIP JANUARY 2006 115 introduction i Vanke Vision Sustainable Residential Development in Shanghai Urban Planning and Design Handbook Vol 1 Research Seminar and Field Survey February 2006 INTRODUCTION From September 2005 to June 2006 with the generous support of the Vanke Real Estate Group Shanghai Office three graduate courses were offered by the Department of Urban Studies and Planning at MIT Research Seminar in Fall 2005 Field Survey during Independent Activities Period IAP in January 2006 and Planning and Design Workshop in Spring 2006 Vanke s goal is to continue to improve the design of their housing communities as issues of sustainability become national priorities All three courses take as their organizing principle that sustainability is not just concerned with environmental issues but equally with economics and equity Our purpose is to find solutions that are environmentally sound economically viable and accessible to all residents This Urban Planning and Design Handbook is the work of the Research Seminar and the Field Survey To provide a concrete case study and to highlight the most relevant issues Vanke has identified Holiday Town one of their sites in the Shanghai urban fringe that is currently under development In the fall semester students first articulated the issues for the handbook and then conducted research in the following aspects ii 1 Projected trends in demography life style energy use and environmental factors in Shanghai 2 Identified key issues to be covered in four broad categories Community Facilities Open Space Site Systems and Building Systems The issues include building and population density public open space sense of community transportation site and landscaping building typology climate 3 Organized work groups to explore the issues parameters comparative mapping case studies from China and elsewhere 4 Analyzed the Holiday Town site regarding issues above 5 Prepared for January Field Survey organized survey questionnaire visual mapping of activities etc Using the draft handbook incorporating above as a guide the students conducted a survey and evaluation of Holiday Town in January 2006 With the aid of Vanke s staff students used social survey and visual mapping methods to investigate and collect information necessary to make evaluations of the Holiday Town project A design planning charrette was SUSTAINABLE RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT HANDBOOK 2006 2 held to generate preliminary ideas for the Spring Studio The accumulated research and design explorations will be used as the basis for the following Spring Planning and Design Studio which will focus on designs on two new Vanke sites Baima and Qibao The studio will formulate scenarios emphasizing an important future trend that will affect the design planning and management e g 1 Demographic and Life Style Aging population rising incomes increased leisure automobile ownership and need for community cohesion 2 Higher Densities what are the implications for open space accessibility building typologies energy use etc 3 Much Higher Energy Prices and Scarce Resources Effects on building layouts and orientations facade treatments alternative energy The product of the Spring Planning and Design Studio will come in a second volume of the Handbook 2005 9 2006 6 2005 2005 1 IAP 2006 4 5 1 2 3 2006 1 1 2 3 introduction iii TIMELINE AUGUST 2006 Prof Tunney Lee and Liang Zhao visit Shanghai Vanke RESEARCH SEMINAR FALL 2005 OCTOBER 2005 Two teams research the following topics 1 Shanghai s trends in the next decade 2 Precedents of residential development in other countries NOVEMBER 2005 Four teams explore issues regarding sustainable residential development Community Facilities Site System Open Spaces Building System DECEMBER 2005 Preparation for questionnaires and onsite survey First draft of the Handbook completed iv SUSTAINABLE RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT HANDBOOK FEBRUARY 2006 Revised the Handbook after the field trip SHAN G H A I T R I P J A N U R A RY 2 0 0 6 JANUARY 2006 On site survey on the Holiday Town Project One day design exercise for two new sites Baima and Qibao PLANNING STUDIO SPRING 2006 MARCH 2006 Suggested preliminary programming for Qibao and Baima sites APRIL 2006 Design proposal for Qibao and Baima sites MAY 2006 Final version of the Handbook and design proposals introduction v CREDITS AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS vi SUSTAINABLE RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT HANDBOOK Instructors Tunney F Lee Professor Emeritus Senior Lecturer Liang Zhao Lecturer Teaching Assistants Hui Deng Marlon Aranda Students of the Research Seminar Christine Caine Carolyn Choy Patrick Curran Amy Deora Ting Li Edward Rice Alice Savage Na Sun Tegin Leigh Teich Tiffany Thacher Kristy Wang Thanks to Vanke staff for their invaluable help Haitao Zhang Yao Wang Bing Hu Zhenghua Hou MIT Staff Karen Yegian Charlotte Liu Students of the Studio Carolyn Choy Patrick Curran Amy Deora Junfeng Jeff Ding Ezra Goldman Lillian Lew Hailer Edward Rice Tegin Leigh Teich Timothy M Terway introduction vii viii