Mus 152 1nd EditionExam # 1 Study Guide Lectures: 1 - 11Lecture 1 (August 19)Know key terms and know the religious meaning of music.What is the religious view of music?- Religious view of good musicians: someone cannot be that good without making a deal with a devil.Key TermsEthnomusicology- combines the study of music and the study of culture (anthropology).Cosmology- your view of the universe.Acoustics- the study of sound (scientifically; a branch of physics)Pitch- steady vibration (Ex. “A”= 440 beats per second)- The faster something vibrates the higher the pitch- Measure pitch in beats per second or hertz (Hz)Sound: disturbance -> outer ear -> ear drum-> bones-> cochlea (spiral tunnel) -> mechanical energy becomes electrical energy-> routed to brainMembrane is a stretched skin- Wiggles when it is disturbedLecture 2 (August 21) Know key terms and know instrument classification.Frequency- speed of vibration (high or low).Resonant Frequency- how many beats per second.Amplitude- loudness; volume; power; dynamic.Melody- a coherent succession of pitches.Contour- shape of the melody; high <-> low- Melodic contour is culturally determined.Fixed pitch- cannot change (piano, bell)Sliding pitch- can change (guitar)Timbre- the voice of an instrument.- Partial vibrations in combinations determine timbre.Instrument Classification:- Chordophone- strings are vibrating (EX. Banjo)- Membranophone- stretched skin vibrating (Ex. Drums)- Aerophone- column of air (Ex. Harmonica)- Idiophone- rigid instrument; whole “thing” vibrates (Ex. Table)- Electronophones- electromagnetic field (Ex. Any instrument that needs to be plugged in)Lecture 3 (August 26)Know the questions related to the movie “Touch the Sound”- Why the title? o Evelyn is deaf so she cannot hear herself play. She feels the sound through her body.- What is the narrative?o The film pays a lot of attention to the little sounds in everyday life that most people ignore or do not pay attention to. - Main point?o Despite her disability, Evelyn learns to hear certain sounds and the differences in those sounds by feeling them through different parts of her body, instead of through her ears.- How is the story told? o They go back and forth between her story and how she got the point she is atnow and the different sounds throughout everyday life.Lecture 4 (August 28)Know the rest of the questions for “Touch the Sound”Secondary Points?- Focusing on how sound feels instead of how you hear it. - She had the bravery to take out her hearing aids and let her body take over “hearing”.”Make the world a better place?- Showing people that what is considered a weakness can also be a strength. - Showing others with hearing disabilities how to hear through their body; ultimately making the world a better place.Lecture 5 (September 2)Know key terms.Rhythm- a sophisticated way to mark timePulse- beatTempo- speedMeter- organization of beatsPolyrhythm- simultaneous metersTexture- relationship between voices in an ensemble.Dense- a lot of noises in the air.Sparse- one person; not a lot of noiseMonophonic- single voice (blending voices)Polyphonic- multiple voicesForm- the “architecture” of a piece of musicPhrases- short, complete musical ideaCadence- break between phrases (phrase punctuated by cadence)Lecture 6 (September 4)Know key terms and the sociological view of music.Coda- “tail” or an outroOstinato form (riff) - repeating phraseChamber music- for small room; each instrument has its own part (if there are 2 violins, both play something different)Sociological view?Music- synchronizes humans; enables us to work and live togetherFinding the groove; finding the “pocket;” synchronizationLecture 7 (September 9)Know the psychological explanation of music, cultural definitions, and key concepts of African music.Psychological explanation?- Mikhail Csikszentmihalyi- Hungarian humanistic psychologisto Hierarchy of needso Optimal experiences produce a sense of “flow” (flow- sense of being totally engaged)Cultural definitions?Diffusion- something that jumps from one culture to another Pierre Bourdieu- Culture- collectively held habits of thought and behavior. Sound- centralEvolutionary Biologists- musicians have something “better” in them.Music is about synchronizing behavior.What are the basic facts about Africa?- Sub-Saharan Africa- 50 countries in Africa- 800 languages plus dialects- Increasingly Urban- Social organization is extremely varied: egalitarian (everyone has a voice)- hierarchical (stratified)- 1600’s- first exploration of the coast of Africa- 1700’s/1800’s- development and expansion of African slave trade- 1820’s- Trinidad - 1880’s- Cuba; Brazilo Slave trade eliminated on national level- 20th century- colonialism - Other African characteristics:o Oral culture; collective trutho Linguistic resourceso Debate; metaphoro Verbalo Polygot- someone who speaks multiple languagesLecture 8 (September 11)Know about the music in Africa and the questions related to the movie “Throw Down Your Heart”Music in Africa?- Conversational call and response - Interlocking parts- Polyrhythmic - Ostinato form- repeated phrases - Buzzy timbres- Ground and elaboration parts - Descending contours- Participatory Question related to film?What are the four locations visited in the movie?- Uganda - Tanzania- Mali - GambiaLecture 9 (September 16)Know the last question related to “Throw Down Your Heart”Why is this the title of the movie?- They chose to use this title because the people in this movie put their heart into every piece of music they played. Music was not just an extra thing they did it was their lives. Lecture 10 (September 18)Know the basic facts and key terms about Zimbabwe music culture and what happened in each century.Key terms:Akonting- long neck; “cousin” to the banjoGriot- human library; pass down information from generation to generationApartheid- legal, structural racismWhat are the key components of spirit possession in Zimbabwe?- Bira- spirit possession ceremony- 7-day beer (make it)- Get in touch with a spirit medium- Hire musicians (music pulls the spirit in)- “outside the house”- normal things- “inside the house”- spiritual things- Mud daub hut- Spirit medium comes in- Channels spirit of ancestor - For ordinary families this happens about 10x a year- If it wasn’t for the music, this ceremony couldn’t exist- Ancestors favorite music, played continuously- Medium is respected member