POLS 2312 1st Edition Lecture 9 Outline of Last Lecture I. ConstitutionsA. Supremacy ClauseB. Necessary and Proper ClauseC. Constitution of Coahuila y Tejas 1827D. UnicameralE. Constitution of Republic of Texas 1836II. Regulated FederalismIII. PreemptionIV. Nixon/Reagan/ClintonV. Constitutional ChangesOutline of Current Lecture I. Definition of Bicameral II. Influences in TexasA. Sam RayburnB. LBJC. Tea Party in TexasIII. U.S. ConstitutionIV. Current Texas Constitution (Constitution of 1876)A. Limited GovernmentB. Republican GovernmentC. The GrangeV. Constitution of 1869A. Radical RepublicansB. Definition of ConfederacyVI. ArticlesCurrent Lecturel.Bicameral—having a legislative assembly composed of two chambers or houses.ll.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.A. Sam Rayburn was the Speaker of the House of Representatives and had the longest tenure in American history (17 years).B. LBJ was the Senate Majority Leader and served in all four national offices: the House,the Senate, VP, and President. This was around the time there was a clear national shift. Conservatives left the Democratic Party and are now Republicans. C. The Tea Party movement emerged out of the Republican Party in 2010. They have a strong preference for less/smaller government, particularly in a federal role. The GOPincorporates and courts Tea Party workers.lll.Constitutions establish major governing institutions, limit powers, and promote legitimacy. The U.S. Constitution is delegated with reserved and concurrent powers. The have expressed or enumerated powers and they have a supremacy clause.lV.The current Texas Constitution is the 2nd largest after Alabama and has 456 amendments and is the 4th most frequently amended. It stripped most of the powers from the governor, establishedbiennial legislative sessions and strengthened the local government. A. Limited government is the principle of constitutional government; a government whose powers are defined and limited by a Constitution.B. A republican government is a representative democracy, a system of government in which power is derived from the people.C. The Grange is a militant farmer’s movement of the late 19th century that fought for improved conditions for farmers.V.The Reconstruction Constitution of 1869 centralized power in the hands of the governor. This was when slavery was forbidden and blacks were given the right to vote. Edmund Davis, an extreme Republican Radical governed during this time and would not give up his office when the Democrats won.A. Radical Republicans were a bloc in the U.S. Congress who pushed through the adoption of black suffrage as well as extended the period of military occupation of the South following the Civil War.B. The Confederacy was the Confederate States of America, southern states that seceded from the U.S. in late 1860 and 1861 and argued that the power of the stateswas more important than the power of the central government.Vl.Article l is the Bill of Rights, Article 2 is the separation of the legislative, executive, and judicial powers. Separation of powers is the division of governmental power among several institutions that must cooperate in decision making. Article 3 is the Legislative Branch which has 150 members in the House of Representatives and 31 members in the Senate. Article 4 is the Executive Branch where the governor is the head and relatively weak. The plural executive is theexecutive branch in which power is fragmented because the election of statewide officeholders is independent of the election of the governor. Article 5 is the Judicial Department and they dealwith courts and have two separate ones, one for civil matters and another for criminal matters. Article 6 is suffrage (voting). The Constitution limits suffrage for those under 18 years of age, convicted felons, and individuals found mentally incompetent by a court of