POLS 1312 1st Edition Lecture 4 Outline of Last Lecture I. Texas Governors NowII. Economic Change in TexasA. CottonB. Cattle RanchingC. OilD. High-Tech Digital EconomyIII. NAFTAOutline of Current Lecture I. Texas in the Great RecessionII. Texas DemographyA. AnglosB. LatinosC. African AmericansD. Poverty and WealthIII. Definition of UrbanizationIV. Definition of SuburbanizationV. Political EconomyA. HoustonB. Dallas—Fort WorthC. San AntonioD. East TexasE. Gulf CoastF. South TexasG. German Hill CountryH. West TexasI. The PanhandleJ. North TexasK. Central TexasVI. Political Events Post WWllA. Lyndon B. JohnsonB. 1970’s-2000’sCurrent LectureThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.l.In December 2007 the housing market fueled by cheap credit and poor business practices culminated in the credit crisis. A diversified economy helped Texas through this recession. Texas is diverse, large and growing, and it is the center of immigration.ll.A. Anglos came to Texas before the break with Mexico, bringing a new set of individualistic attitudes and values about democratic government that paved the wayfor the Texas Revolution. They established a one party Democratic state, provincialism, and business dominance.B. Most Hispanics in Texas are of Mexican descent. Hispanics are people of Spanish descent and Latinos are people of Latin America descent.C. Most African Americans entered Texas as slaves. Emancipation came on June 19, 1865 but they were still not equal. The black population concentrated in East Texas where southern plantation and share cropping systems were dominant during the 19th century.D. Because Texas has a younger population they tend to be poorer. The national povertylevel in 2009 was 17.1% while nationally it was 14.3%.lll.Urbanization is the process by which people move from rural areas to cities. 88% of the population reside in urban areas.lV.Suburbanization is the process by which people move out of central city areas to surrounding suburban areas.V.Political Economy is the complex interrelation between politics and economy, as well as their effect on one another.A. Houston is located in Harris County and is the largest city in Texas and the 4th largest in the U.S. The city originated in 1836 from Augustus Chapman Allen and John Kirby Allen who sought to create a “great interior commercial emporium of Texas”. Houston was named after Sam Houston. Its economic well-being depended on cotton, commerce and railroads, but oil was what transformed Houston.B. Dallas was founded as a trading post in 1841 near where two roads were to be built by the Republic. Cotton and railroads boomed Dallas economy. Technology is also abig part of Dallas as it is the 3rd largest technology center in the nation. Fort Worth originated as an army post in 1849. Cattle and army bases boomed its economy.C. San Antonio is located in Bexar County and grew out of a Spanish presidio—San Antonio de Bexar which was founded in 1718. It lacks the high paying manufacturing jobs and the average income is lower. Its economy rests on national military bases, educational institutions, tourism, and its large medical research complex.D. East Texas is mostly rural and biracial. It is dominated by fundamental Protestantism and it is a medical hub.E. The Gulf Coast is an industrial and petrochemical center. In 1901 Spindletop drilling marked the industrialization of Texas.F. South Texas is the Valley and it is a major producer of vegetable and citrus product. Its economic growth comes from the maquiladoras.G. German Hill Country was settled by Eastern European immigrants who were very conservative and whom most were Republicans.H. West Texas is the major oil producing area and it emphasizes sheep and cattle production. It booms agriculturally due to massive irrigation from the Ogallala Aquifer.I. The Panhandle is Midwestern in character and institutions and it also benefits from the Ogallala Aquifer.J. North Texas is partially peopled by descendants from the failed French socialist colony La Reunion, and it is dominated by the greater Dallas-Fort Worth area. K. Central Texas is a regional microcosm of Texas culture, Austin is the major city there and it benefits from the government, Dell and the University of Texas.Vl.A. In 1948 Lyndon B. Johnson ran against Coke Stevenson in the Democratic Primary forSenate. Both were charged with election fraud but Johnson cheated better so he won. In 1960 he was nominated for Vice President and in 1963 following the assassination of JFK Johnson became president in 1964.B. In the 1970’s there was the Sharpstown Scandal which was an insurance and bankingscandal involving Governor Smith, Lt Governor and House Speaker who is convicted. In 1989 in Edgewood vs Kirby they ended discrimination against students in poor school districts. In 1990 Ann Richards was elected 2nd female governor of Texas. In 1992 Kay Bailey Hutchison was elected as Texas’ first female U.S. Senator. The GOP orRepublican Party now dominates Texas politics, and the Democrats haven’t won since