POLS 206 1st Edition Lecture 9 Outline of Last Lecture I Freedom of Expression Speech minors obscenity press II Rights of the accused Outline of Current Lecture lll Civil Rights lV Civil Rights in the 19th Century V African Americans i Plessy v Ferguson ii Brown v Board of Education of Topeka 1954 and desegregation iii Is there segregation today iv Civil Rights Movement v Equal Protection Clause Vl Women s suffrage Equal Treatment for women Vll Different Ethnic groups Vlll Affirmative Action Current Lecture l Civil Rights essentially it is full equality under the law that everyone has in American society ll Civil Rights in the 19th Century a Dred Scott 1857 a slave Dred Scott was given partial freedom but went tp court arguing he should have total freedom and tried to sue There were arguments about this However it was a weird case because he was not considered a person b Missouri Compromise of 1820 happened c Civil War Amendments 13th slavery is outlawed 14th citizenship equal protection and due process 15th lll African Americans a Plessy v Ferguson 1896 Plessy argued against the constitutionality of segregation in public services The Separate but Equal Doctrine was formed b Brown v Board of Education of Topeka 1954 challenged Plessy v Ferguson saying separate is NOT equal Blacks were not getting the same education environment and distance to school c 1957 in desegregation in Little Rock Central High school people were upset about it including Governor Orval Faubus who had the Arkansas National Guard sent to try to stop the desegregation However the entire idea for the government is that States felt they should be able to decide this themselves but Eisenhower said States must obey and sent troops to allow the desegregation d Is there segregation today There is no De Jure legal segregation today De Factofor whatever reason there happens to be a little segregation Should there be forced busing to schools in order to make more integrated school classrooms i Swann v Charlotte Mecklenburg Board of Education 1973 said yes to forced busing ii Missouri v Jenkins 1995 proved forced busing is really inequality partly because like before it takes a very long time for some students to go from home to school and back home compared to other students e Civil Rights Movement in 1960 s Led primarily by Martin Luther King Jr at Southern Christian Conference wanting to end segregation by non traditional methods of political participation and nonviolence movements Rosa Parks also had a big impact on the Civil Rights Movement They had sit ins Civil disobedience peaceful protests and King headed the 1963 March on Washington i Civil Rights Act of 1964 Voting Rights Act of 1965 and Civil Rights of 1968 do not study this too much was all proved legal because Commerce Clause Malcolm X was not as successful because his tactics were often violent compared to successful King f Equal Protection Clause 14th i The Rational Basis Test Ordinary Scrutiny and Intermediate Scrutiny essentially you cannot base your reasons just on gender or race though there are some legit reasons ii Strict Scrutiny There has to be a VERY VERY good narrow reason you are discriminating otherwise it is illegal lV Women s suffrage Equal Treatment for women a U S was less progressive than most counties in terms of women voting b In the early 1900 s women had a big fight for suffrage and won in the end with the 19th Amendment in 1920 c Today it is not completely equal though opportunities have significantly improved For example there has not been many women at the top of our government though women are beginning to influence the political process and become more dominant There is some inequality such as women are not paid as much as men though it is much better V Different Ethnic groups a Hispanics the biggest minority but NOT very involved at all considered their population size This is a problem because they are not equally represented in the House of Representatives They are not just from Mexico but also from Central and South America thats several groups of people with several different opinions and beliefs b Asians the most accurate to percentage in House of Representatives and have average high income c Older people Thats a lot of people but businesses tend not to hire because want a younger worker so Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 attempted to help them with that There are rules that have been implemented that require buildings to accommodate disabled people such as elevators and ramps d Gays Lesbian Bisexual and Transgender changing attitude toward that today though there is some discrimination such as marriage Vl Affirmative Action Tested Regents of the University of California v Bakke 1979 Attacked Hopwood v State of Texas 1996 and Gratz v Bollinger 2003
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