Study Guide for Reading Notes 5 What is the difference between phonemic awareness and phonics o Phonemic awareness is children s understanding spoken words are composed of individual speech sounds that can be segmented blended community elated to form other spoken words Phonic awareness is the conceptual foundation for readers blending the sounds of printed letters to read printed words o Phonics is a method of teaching beginning readers to read and produce words by learning the sounds of letters groups of letters and syllables Why is phonemic awareness essential in learning to read o Awareness allows children to separate words into syllables of beats And eventually break down award into parts to spell or decode and read it o Recognize and generate rhyming words and children will eventually use known words to decode new words o Recognize and generate words that start or end with the same sound and eventually learn to associate particular sounds with particular letters o Blend words into sound And eventually sound out words o Segment words into sound And eventually spell words o We will sounds around to create new words and eventually use words to figure out new words What kinds of activities can teachers use to build phonemic awareness o Some activities that teachers can use for phonetic awareness are Songs Nursery rhymes Poems Tongue twisters Word games Stretching words What is systematic phonics instruction and why is it an essential part of teaching children to read and write o Systematic phonics introduction is the direct teaching of a set of lettersound relationships in a clearly defined sequence The set includes the major sound spelling relationships of both consonants and vowels o The programs also provide materials that give children substantial practice in applying knowledge of these relationships as they read and write These materials include books or stories that contain a large number of words that children can decode by using the letter sound relationships they have learned and are learning The programs also might provide children with opportunities to spell words and to write their own stories with the lettersound relationships they are learning Why is it essential that children understand the alphabetic principle o Systematic and predictable relationships between written letters and spoken sounds Knowing these relationships will help children recognize familiar words accurately and automatically and decode new words What do children need to know and be able to do to read words o They need to have an understanding of phonics and how phonics work o They need to have alphabetic knowledge and have an understanding of the alphabetic principle o They need to be able to understand the concept of reading from left to right Key Terms Phonemic awareness is children s understanding spoken words are composed of individual speech sounds that can be segmented blended community elated to form other spoken words Phonic awareness is the conceptual foundation for readers blending the sounds of printed letters to read printed words Phonological Awareness identifying and manipulating the individual sounds in words The focus of phonological awareness is much broader It includes identifying and manipulating larger parts of spoken language such as words syllables and onsets and rimes as well as phonemes It also encompasses awareness of other aspects of sound such as rhyming alliteration and intonation Phoneme the smallest parts of sound in a spoken word that make a difference in the word s meaning Grapheme the letters that represent those sounds in written language Syllable a word part that contains a vowel or in spoken language a vowel sound Phonics is a method of teaching beginning readers to read and produce words by learning the sounds of letters groups of letters and syllables Phonics Instruction teaches children the relationships between the letters graphemes of written language and the individual sounds phonemes of spoken language It teaches children to use these relationships to read and write words Alphabetic principle understanding that there are systematic and predictable relationships between written letters and spoken sounds Decoding using letter sounds contextual and syntactic information to identify printed words Encoding using memory and facts learned in the past to figure out the meaning of words