• "Act only in accordance with that maxim through which you can at the same time will that it become a universal law. Never treat a human being as a mere means but always (also) as an end." - Kant⁃ the formula of human dignity⁃ treating a human being as a mere means means that for example, you simply use a bus driver as a certain end or for a certain purpose• In this situation, I ought to do c, whatever my own desires may happen to be•A maxim is a certain guide of behavior that you develop yourself⁃ ex: "I will not lie"⁃ general guideline for yourself on how to act• there is a negative version of freedom which means being free from something• Jesus is an exemplar but he does not atone for our sins, we still have to do it for ourselves⁃ original sin atonement⁃ religion is not the ultimate force in leading our lives⁃ need to focus on whether your maxim can be universal⁃ christianity is the only religion that can help you to become moral• Predispositions⁃ innate, we have it from the beginning⁃ are not already developed but become developed throughout life⁃ innert⁃ predispositions are towards the good⁃ there is no natural predisposition for evil⁃ power of choice• Propensio (propensity)⁃ not inborn but can appear as if it were⁃ contingent⁃ propensity to evil⁃ so deep that we can not fully get rid of it⁃ inclination towards evil• What we think to be evil (aside from what kant thinks)⁃ against well being⁃ hurting another⁃ detrimental to society⁃ selfishness⁃ relative to society⁃ bad consequences • Kant believes that only the intention matters when defining what is evil⁃ an evil person is not concerned with the consequences⁃ kant claims that most of our actions are actually rooted in evil⁃ we are hardwired to always turn into the evil direction due to selfishness⁃ evil is due to the frailty of human morality or control⁃ impurity - we mix up what we need to do by pure duty and doing what we want⁃ depravity is the real source of real bad evil - you develop a maxim to follow duty whenever it is fine but you put yourself and your own interest above duty, example: "I will not lie except for when it benefits me to do so"⁃ we do this often⁃ radical evil - intwined into human nature, put ourselves above everyone
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