Intro to Moral Argument 1.15Argument?-a set of premises/reasons that provide support for a conclusionCharacteristics of a Moral Argument:Why we should boycott farming and become vegetariansPremise1: Animals can feel pain & suffer just as human beings can feel pain and sufferpremise2: factory farming inflicts pain and suffering on animalsPremise3: practices that inflict pain and suffering on sentient beings w/out good reason are morally wrongPremise4: humans do not need animal products to surviveConclusion: we should boycott factory farming by becoming vegetarians-all moral arguments have at least 1 moral reason, ex P3-most moral arguments will have factorial reason, ex P1-all moral arguments must have a normative or prescriptive conclusion, ex conclusion "should" or "ought"-moral premises can't be proven true or false, no fact of the matter-moral premises are not empirical facts-normative = 'ought'-descriptive = 'should'moral argument: it would be an injustice to limit our rights...it would be morally wrong to discriminate…Debating: some terminology-debate topic is called a proposition-e.g. resolved: affirmative action promotes deleterious hiring practices-2 kinds of propositions-value: making a judgment-affirmative action promotes deleterious hiring practices-policy: urging future action-the federal government should provide healthcare for all legal residents-the affirmative or government side: we should adopt the resolution!-the negative or opposition side: we should continue with the status quo!-the clash: the status in which the affirmative and the negative team are debating the same proposition, actually talking to one another, i.e. not talking past one another-presumption: the status quo is correct; the negative side defends the status quo so the burden of proof is with the affirmative sidePolicy debate: sequence of constructive speeches, 1st series of speeches-four constructive speeches (8 min)-make and support your main arguments-first affirmative constructive (1AC)-cross examination (3min)-first negative constructive (1NC) *must adjust to 1AC*-crosse examination-second affirmative constructive (2AC) *adjust to 1NC*-cross examination-second negative constructive (2NC) *adjust to 2AC*-cross examinationpolicy debate: sequence of rebuttal speeches, 2nd series of speeches-4 rebuttal speeches (4 min each)-address arguments made by opponents in the constructive speeches, no new arguments are allowed-first negative (1NR)-first affirmative (1AR)-second negative (2NR)-second affirmative (2AR)Making affirmative speeches:What you need to do-make and support your main arguments for the proposition-proposition: the feral gov. should provide healthcare to al legal residents-what are your main arguments?-what is the support for your arguments?examples-1A C-current provision of healthcare in the US is inadequate because-it drives up the cost of healthcare-people cannot afford to be covered-the healthcare change is cumbersome and complicated-its immoral to allow people to suffer just because they can't afford access to healthcare (moral reason)affirmative speeches and philosophythe affirmative case:-the US gov. should provide healthcare to all legal residentswhy?-current healthcare provision is inadequate-cost, affordability, cumbersome-alternative attempts to reform healthcare are inadequate-coveragePhilosophical argument:-cost-affordability-cumbersome-current healthcare provision is inadequate (C1/P3)-coverage-alternative attempts to reform health care are inadequate (C2/P5)-healthcare is a primary good and requirement of justice-the US gov should provide healthcare to all