Philosophy 2121. Akrasia weakness of will, you know what you should doand you don't do it, was impossible for socrates2. Amour desoiself-love in the natural sense ( examples: eatingfood for nutrition, clothing ourselves to staywarm) love of the self (Rousseau)3. AmourPropreself-love in the social sense, when one compareshimself to others ( caring how others think ofyou or perceive you). become interested in thecapacity to deceive, wanting to appear good toother people, want to be better than others, havemore power in society, become dependent on theadmiration of others (Rousseau)4. Aristotle'stheory ofman as asocialanimal(Stevenson)"Man is by nature a social animal; an individualwho is unsocial naturally and not accidentally iseither beneath our notice or more than human.Society is something that precedes theindividual." - AristotleMen have some single activity in common tothem all (Socialization)Man cannot live alone. He must satisfy certainnatural basic needs in order to survive.5. Aristotle'stheory ofthe soulThere are two parts of the soul: rational andirrational. The rational soul consists oftheoretical reason and practical reason.Theoretical reason is a person's ability to KNOWrules and obligations, while the practical reasonis a person's ability to actually DO them. Theirrational soul consists of the vegetative part andthe appetitive part. The vegetative part is "plant-like" in that it sustains life with nutrition andgrowth, while the appetitive part is "animal-like"in that it provides physicality and movement.Aristotle believes virtue can only be presentwhen practice reason overlaps with theappetitive part of the soul. (You can rationalizeand overcome your desires)6. Atonement The sacrifice of the son is needed for creation.Kant argued against this7. Categories a. Aristotle's modes of objective being, such asquality, quantity, or relation, that are inherent ineverything.b. Kant's modes of subjective understanding,such as singularity, universality, or particularity,that organize perceptions into knowledge.8. Category a. (in the philosophy of Aristotle) any one often most fundamental modes of being, suchas quantity, quality, and substanceb. (in the philosophy of Kant) one of twelveconcepts required by human beings tointerpret the empirical world9. Christianconcept ofatonementdoctrine that in death all men are equalbecause of the sacrifice of Jesus Christ thesavior, and that the eternal rewards whichthey gain are not to be assigned according toearthly rank.10. Concept ofkhalifa inIslama khalifa is a prophet who has beenappointed by god who must still be mindful ofhis actions because divine honor or dignity isat stake.11. Concept ofsin in Genesissin is placing Self or putting yourself aboveall others even God... At the core of it'smeaning, Sin is simply rebellion against Godand disobedience to the laws of God.12. Concept ofwoman inGenesisWoman is denoted as the property of menand of a lower status and since it is eve whomanipulates adam into eating the forbiddenfruit, women is also described as evil orsinful.13. Cosmopolitan belonging to all the world; not limited to justone part of the world, all the world shouldshare a common human morality (Kant)14. Culture that complex whole which includesknowledge, belief, art, law, morals, custom,and any other capabilities and habitsacquired by man as a member of society.15. Dialogue a literary work in the form of a conversation(The Republic, Plato & the cave story)16. Dikaiosune (different definitions): morality, justice, wellbeing in accordance to your own nature(Plato)17. Dominion (man is higher than animal) human beingsbeing capable of the highest level of thoughtpossible creates this supremacy over others,plays a central role in christianity and islam18. Dualism Competing elements in nature (Plato)(Descartes - mind and body are two separateentities)19. EfficientCauseCharacterized as the 'triggering cause' thatthing which initiates activity; Substance bywhich a change is brought about. very closeto the contemporary meaning of cause(Aristotle)20. Elenchus if you think a certain thing is correct then youare obligated to another belief, ideas can notbe in opposition with each other (Socrates)Philosophy 212Study online at quizlet.com/_mirju21. Empiricism matters of fact, make observations &experiments (Hume)22. Eudaimonia (spiritual): happiness, internal wellbeing, best state of being, intellectualeuphoria (Aristotle)23. Form Internal and innate concept that allhumans have of an object. Plato believesthat all truth is in forms so it is concreteto him and he believes that our divinity isderived from that because our soul iswhat connects us to those forms (allowsus to grasp and understand forms).Aristotle is against this.24. Formal Cause shape or form, into which matter ischanged (the potential is what is in theseed and the formal or the "form" is theflower) (Aristotle)25. Hume's theory ofknowledgewe can't know things fully howeverdivision of all things that we mightbelieve, and thus all things that we mightcome to know, into two kinds:1. relations of ideas: a priori(demonstrable; justified by deductionwithout appeal to experience)2. matters of fact: empiricism and aposteriori (after experience)26. Hume's theory ofthe selfHume asks us to consider whatimpression gives us our concept of self.We tend to think of ourselves as selves—stable entities that exist over time. But nomatter how closely we examine our ownexperiences, we never observe anythingbeyond a series of transient feelings,sensations, and impressions27. Idea internal, follow the impressions, arecopies of impressions (Copy-Theory)partly deals with reflection (Hume - as acopy of an impression and Plato - therealm of idea)28. Immortality Eternal life, an ability to live forever(Christianity)29. Impression external, (simple vs complex - simple cannot be divided into parts) come from oursenses or feelings, impress on our minds,proceed ideas30. Induction all of the events show the same pattern,therefore that generalization is applied asa rule, never have a really firm resultbecause exceptions to the rule canhappen at any time (Hume & Aristotle)31. Kant's concept ofcosmopolitanismwhatever is outside the limits of ourunderstanding is not worth pursuingbecause nothing will come of it32. Kant'sconcept ofradical evilKant believes that only the intention matterswhen defining what is evil, an evil person isnot concerned with the consequences.Depravity is the real source of real bad evil