Cardiovascular System 2 12 2020 1 Cardiovascular system a Heart b Blood vessels c Blood i Why do we need blood 1 Homeostasis a Diffusion to equilibrium b Absorption of nutrients c d pH balance Transport of oxygen nutrients ii Rate of diffusion 1 k x A x p2 p1 D a k diffusion constant depending on solubility of gas and temperature b A area for gas exchange c P2 P1 difference in partial pressure on gas on either side of barrier to diffuse d D distance thickness of barrier to diffusion 2 Blood medicine and research a What can blood tell us i Can tell you a lot about the physiological state of an individual 1 Infection cancer other type of disease 2 Hormones stress reproductive state Blood the life sustaining transport vehicle of the cardiovascular system b Blood composition ii i After centrifugation 3 layers 1 Plasma a 55 of whole blood b Least dense component c 90 water d Liquid non living with many solutes 2 Buffy coat formed element a Leukocytes and platelets b 1 of whole blood c White blood cells 3 Erythrocytes formed element a 45 of whole blood Hematocrit i b Most dense component c Red blood cells c Type of connective tissue i Matrix is a nonliving fluid called plasma ii Formed elements living blood cells 1 Cells are suspended in plasma 3 Erythrocytes a O2 is atmospheric oxygen i Why do people feel faint at the sight of blood 1 Small minority have a vasovagal 2 b CO2 is carbon dioxide c Function d Structure i ii i ii Transport O2 to tissues Transport CO2 to lungs Biconcave disk No organelles 1 Nonfunctional e Hemoglobin protein that transports O2 to tissues 250 million hemoglobin per red blood cell i 4 Leukocytes a White blood cells b c Myeloid makes the red blood cells Forms by leukopoiesis in bone marrow True organelles d Lymphoid e f Nuclei g Protection h Types of leukocytes Neutrophils Eosinophil Basophil Lymphocyte i ii iii iv v Monocyte vi Never let monkeys eat bananas 1 abundance 5 Platelets a Myeloid cell line derived b Buffy coat c Derived from megakaryocytes d Involved in blood clotting 6 Hematopoiesis a Production of formed elements Erythrocytes i ii White blood cells iii iv Platelets Formed in red bone marrow 7 Heart a Located in thoracic cavity b Layers of the heart 4 chambers i 2 atria 1 2 2 ventricles Pericardium lining outer ii iii Myocardium lining muscle iv Endocardium lining innermost c Functions i Maintain blood pressure ii iii Separate pulmonary systemic circuits Can alter contraction rate to meet metabolic needs
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