Sociology 101 Principles of Sociology Exam 2 Study Guide Be able to apply the three major sociological paradigms Structural Functionalism Conflict Critical theories Interpretive Symbolic Interactionism theories to these topics below For example a functionalist perspective would look at what function s a particular topic plays in our society A conflict critical perspective would look at how two or more groups compe over a particular topic typically based on money Interactionists look at how ideas on a particular topic are socially constructed and influenced by culture Also please be prepared to know the following Deviance The movie Bomb It a Sociologists use the term deviance to refer to any violation of rules and norms True or False b Structural Functionalism Macro i Deviance is a basic part of human organization 1 By defining deviance society sets it s moral boundaries 2 For example Organized crime in Chicago c Functionalist perspective of deviance i Deviance can help clarify a social s moral boundaries 1 We are reminded about our shared notions of what is right and wrong when we have to address wrongdoings of various sorts ii Deviance can promote social cohesion 1 People can be brought together in the face of crime or other d Critical perspective of deviance variations i e Sept 11 i Conflict theorists study inequalities of wealth and power ii The belief that rules are applied unequally and that punishments for rule violations are unequally distributed e iii Those at the top are subject to different sanctions than those at the bottom Interactionist Interpretive paradigm would focus on how deviance is defined and how it is constructed through face to face interactions i e Various behaviors deviant from church f Stigma Social control i Stigma blemishes that discredit a person s claim to a normal identity 1 In the past people with tattoos were stigmatized as criminals Having visible tattoos or piercings made it difficult to get certain jobs 1 a Three ways of using deviance as social control ii Stigma blemishes that discredit a person s claim to a normal identity 1 In the past people with tattoos were stigmatized as criminals Having visible tattoos or piercings made it difficult to get certain jobs The transformation of moral and legal deviance into a medical iii Medicalization condition iv Shaming 1 A hyper child may be diagnosed with ADD and treated or controlled with medication Making another feel guilty about performing their deviant activity 1 Public shaming can be an effective deterrent to deviant behavior Medicalization of deviance i Medicalization medical condition Shaming with medication The transformation of moral and legal deviance into a 2 A hyper child may be diagnosed with ADD and treated or controlled i Shaming deviant activity Making another feel guilty about performing their 3 Public shaming can be an effective deterrent to deviant behavior Class The Movie The Top One Percent and People Like Us Stratification a Stratification b Social Stratification c Structural Functionalist Perspective The act or process or arranging persons into classes or social strata The hierarchical structures of class and status in any society i Emphasizes the purposes that social stratification serves in society 1 Contemporary Analysis of Stratification and Social Class a One s position in the social hierarchy greatly influences the way a person views himself or herself and how others view him or her i Looks at how social stratification divides us far more than it unites us How people move from one class to another d Conflict Perspective Social Mobility e Social Mobility Medicine The Movie Big Pharma a Medicine Current issues in medicine Refers to a society s standard ways of dealing with illness and injury 2 b Current problems in the American health care system include i A conflict of interest created as insurance carriers place profit over the health of the insured ii Medical fraud iii Sexism in medicine iv The medicalization of society among others Health care as a right or a privilege debate Medicine in sociology qualifies as a social institution others include school religion etc Age The Movie Merchants of Cool Ageism a Ageism Refers to prejudice discrimination and hostility directed against people because of their age i Age stratification refers to the hierarchical ranking of people into Age stratification a Age Stratification age groups within a society Continuity theory a Continuity Theory behaviors personalities and relationships as they did in their earlier years of life Activity theory Older adults will usually maintain the same activities The theory assumes that a positive relationship between i Activity Theory activity and life satisfaction Disengagement theory b Disengagement Theory Aging is an inevitable mutual withdrawal or disengagement resulting in decreased interaction between the aging person and others in the social system he or she belongs to Leisure The Movie The Gods Must be Crazy Sociology of leisure a Sociology of Leisure The study of how humans organize their free time Recreation a Recreation Any satisfying amusing and stimulating activity that is experienced as refreshing and renewing for body mind and spirit Three developments in the way we spend our free time 3 i The Decline of Public Life 1 After WWI the mass migration to the suburbs and the development of television encouraged people to stay at home and even displaced public activities such as going to the movies ii Commercializing Leisure and Recreation 1 People formerly made their own fun they now purchase it as goods 2 Americans spend 700 billion one entertainment per year most of it and services mass media products iii Formalizing Recreation Organization Over Spontaneity 1 Forms of leisure have shifted from spontaneous or informal activities to organized and formal 2 For example organized little league baseball after school instead of sand lot games 3 Differences between play and games Environment and Social Change The movie Tapped How technologies impact society i New technologies can reshape an entire society in four ways 1 Changes in social organization a Factories changed the nature of work Specialized workers became responsible for only part of an item not the entire item 2 Changes in ideology a New technology that led to the factory stimulated new ideologies such as money is all important maximizing profits 3 Changes in unnecessary consumption a With technological change Americans make sure that