History of Sociology Paradigms framework model of how we view the social world o Helps us guide our focus for our theories and research Theories framework of rules and principles that function as a guide in o Thomas Hobbes 1588 1679 o John Locke 1632 1704 o Society is no longer ran by theology people are no longer our scientific thoughts Feudal System before 1600 s o Monarchy divinely inspired Scientific Revolution 1543 1687 o Copernicus beginning 1473 1543 Da Vinci 1452 1519 o Newton end 1642 1727 Enlightenment 1650 1700 s looking to the Bible Industrial Revolution 1750 o Urbanism French Revolution 1789 1794 o The poor overthrow the monarchy o Democracy is born o Classes form o Sociology begins Begins with philosophy Positivism 1700 s universal laws that govern social behavior and the social world o Structural Functionalism Macro Level Theory works for society as a whole Structural Functionalism The notion that society is made up of smaller components that work together within their roles Components each have a role work together to run smoothly Auguste Comte 1798 1857 o Father of Sociology o Believed we can study science scientifically o Knowledge on how we gain knowledge o Law of Three Stages Theological stage society gain knowledge from religious leaders Metaphysical stage knowledge gained from philosophers Positive Scientific stage knowledge gained from science and scientific principles Herbert Spencer 1820 1903 o Strong influence to structural functionalism o Social Evolution survival of the fittest societies that adapt to the changing world are more likely to survive o society is like a living organism Emilie Durkheim 1858 1917 o First PhD in sociology o One of the first people to pioneer social research o Society is made up of social facts Material structures buildings cities laws economy Non Material norms values beliefs These facts are external yet coercive factors outside the individual that still impact us o These are Sui Generis has a reality of its own outside our existence o They have an impact on your life that keep you in your place 2 Observable and measurable Suicide due to capitalism Individualism when you don t make any decisions for yourself but now the individual can make their own decision no one else to blame because of failure Excessive Hope if you play your cards right you may thrive but disappointment can also happen Too much Freedom society doesn t care what one does Atheism community and consolation through religion has not been replaced in socialism Weakening of the Nation and the Family families are not as stable and children don t expect to be with families once they grow up 3