Sociology 101 Principles of Sociology Exam 1 Study Guide Know the following key concepts and definitions of the following Define Sociology and the Sociological Imagination I Sociology Systematic study of how seen and unseen social forces shape our lives It is the study of group dynamics social structures and human society The ability to connect our personal lives experiences and troubles to public issues the ability to situate our micro experiences within the macro context True II Sociological Imagination know the difference s between Macro vs Micro perspectives paradigms I Major Sociological Paradigms a Functionalism Macro b Symbolic Interactionism Micro c Conflict Theory Macro i Paradigm perspective to work from Know what a theory is Way of looking at something a specific theoretical framework a II Theory General statement about how some parts of the world fit together and work Know the major differences between the two major research methods used in sociology Quantitative vs Qualitative Quantitative Methods Methods that seek to obtain information about the social world that is already in or can be converted to numeric form Relies on deductive approach Hypothesis Dependent Variable Independent Variable Surveys Sample Qualitative Methods Methods that attempt to collect information about the social world that cannot be readily converted to numeric form Relies on inductive approach Interviews Participant Observation Content Analysis o Remembering the Difference Quantitative Quantity numerical Qualitative Quality in depth understanding Know the differences among these major sociological paradigms perspectives Structural Functionalism a Functionalism serve some important or necessary function to keep society running Theory that various social institutions and processes in society exist to i All social phenomena was subject to functionalist analysis by asking 1 What is the function of b Structural functionalism or simply functionalism is a framework for building theory that sees society as a complex system whose par43 ts work together to promote solidarity and stability c Critical Focused on power inequality and social change Posits that social science can never be truly objective or value free Operates from the perspective that scientific investigation should be conducted with the express goal of social change in mind Interpretive Symbolic Interactionism SI d The Microsociological Perspective i Symbolic Interaction orientations and assumptions form the basic motivations behind people s actions A micro level theory in which shared meanings Know about these key people and their major concepts Emile Durkheim Karl Marx Max Weber Erving Goffman Emile Durkheim Functionalism integration of society Solidarity Anomie Collective Consciousness Karl Marx Conflict Relations mediated by modes of production Modes of Productions Bourgeois Proletariats Alienation Theory of Historical Materialism Conflict Theory Max Weber Interpretative Sociology human actions Legitimate Domination Authority Rationalization Iron Cage Erving Goffman Dramaturgy III Father of Functionalism Emile Durkheim 1858 1917 a Major Intellectual Focus i Sought to understand the systematic integration of society b Functionalism serve some important or necessary function to keep society running Theory that various social institutions and processes in society exist to i All social phenomena was subject to functionalist analysis by asking 1 What is the function of c The Division of Labor in Society 1893 i Key Concepts 1 Solidarity as a moral phenomenon Sentiments which held together society which he described a Different societies were characterized by two different forms of solidarity Simple societies where people i Mechanical Solidarity were more alike and performed similar tasks increased division of labor and role diversity ii Organic Solidarity Industrial societies characterized by 2 Anomie Chaos and normlessness context of social dislocation where customary and cultural controls were not very strong d Elementary Forms of Religious Life 1912 i Key Concepts 1 Collective Conscience individuals within a society Totality of beliefs and sentiments common to 2 Religion in society were characterized by the presence of two dualities a Sacred b Profane High valued Average everyday mundane i A good example is not letting the American flag sacred touch the ground profane IV Father of Conflict Karl Marx 1818 1883 a Major Intellectual Focus i Sought to understand systems of relations as they were mediated by modes of production b Major Contributions i Key Concepts i Forces and Relations to Production Class Alienation Class Consciousness c The Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts 1844 Combination of the means and relations of 1 Modes of Production production 2 Bourgeois 3 Proletariats capital or nor means of production Those who control the means of production Class of industrial wage earners who possess neither 4 Alienation products of their labor Process whereby workers are made to feel foreign to the d Conflict Theory i Theory of Historical Materialism Identifies class conflict as the primary cause of social change ii Conflict Theory between competing interests is the basic animating force of social change and society in general Competition exists because society s necessary resources are scarce A Macro level theory that promotes the idea that conflict V Father of Interpretative Sociology Max Weber 1864 1920 a Major Intellectual Focus i Sought to understand systems human action b Major Contributions i Social Action Authority and Domination Class and Status and Wealth Rationalization Iron Cage c The Types of Legitimate Domination 1925 i Key Concepts 1 Legitimate Domination specific legitimacy claim Authority that is followed on the basis of a a Three types of legitimate domination i Legal Authority ii Traditional Authority Emphasizing the role of law procedure and efficiency as standards should be as they have always been ruler possesses exceptional powers or some kind of divine gift Based on the idea that things Organized around the belief that a iii Charismatic Authority d The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism 1904 i Key Concepts goals a 1 Rationalization Action that is geared toward the efficient pursuit of Increase rationalization in modernity produces the iron cage 2 The Iron Cage traps individuals in systems based purely on efficiency calculation and control VI Dramaturgy a Erving Goffman 1922 1982 b Dramaturgy is a