CORRECTIONS TEST 1 1 Nature of Society 2 Guiding beliefs ideology 3 Responses to crime methods of control know all three of these for each assigned chapter Chapter 1 Introduction 1600s present day Chapter s Question Argument similarities differences between punishments and practices in colonial America vs present day Principals are similar i e why people punish however the methods are different o Which has let to Net widening the capacity of correctional reforms to be implemented as supplements rather than alternatives thereby increasing the number of people under some form of correctional control Basically when a new policy is implemented we don t change the existing policy we just add to it Reasons for net widening 1 Misunderstanding 2 Lack of resources staff 3 Unforeseen circumstances that changes the nature of the game 4 Nature of bureaucracy o Goals of any bureaucracy Survive Maintain Expand Unintended consequences o Some arguments against this Critical criminology Power controls the less powerful Pre colonial era The nature of society was tribal made up of clans Disagreements between clans within tribes were called Bloodfueds Theft was the most common crime during this time The bloodfued principal was the idea of killing the person who committed a crime Third party intervention tribe leaders recognizing that bloodfueds were killing their people off so they implemented this third party system which would be the mediator for whoever was accusing another of a crime This is equal to our modern day court system o Vengeance was the ultimate purpose of this technique Tribal warfare vs bloodfueds Tribal warfare fights within tribes Bloodfueds fights within clans in other tribes Chapter 4 1830 1870 Jacksonian Americans Urban disenchantment Great concern Simultaneous optimism These two together led to a silence in all prisons and asylums Believed that the city was disorder but that they could change its corruption via a well ordered asylum The idea of the high walls in the asylum wasn t necessarily to keep the prisoners in but to keep the corruption from the city out Disciplined routine absolute compliance structure of the asylum Idea during this time was not to punish but to change o Practices didn t match the theory How to explain the disparity Social organization naturally occurring patterns of social interaction Formal organization how we in contemporary society operate A formal organization is a collectivity of people purposely brought together to accomplish a particular goal That goal requires the combined efforts of several The key to formal organization is goals A formal organization is a bureaucracy which refers to the administrative aspects of formal organizations Bureaucracy administrative aspects cares about survival maintain a certain level of operation and expand Survival maintenance expansion o This exceeds the formal organizations goals in levels of importance Framework for CJS Formal Organizations Police maintains order under the rule of law In reality justice without trial Courts presumption of innocence In reality normal crimes plea bargain Correctional system 1 Goal conflict treat punish 2 They operate with ever present conditions of scarcity 3 They operate as part of an open system 4 Politics which leads to goal displacement and often unintended consequences Victim services Ex Essay Provide a critic of the theory of crime and corrections in 1830 Jacksonian America America Chapter 5 Progressivism Science was the answer for this era 1880 s was the start of progressivism o Made its way directly into crime control How is progressivism applied to issues in this time What is the broader concept of progressivism Progressivism isn t one movement but a collection of movements Period of turmoil crime was one aspect of that turmoil o Alcohol was disrupting families so was parents working poor sanitation lack of education prostitution gambling etc Primary tenant regarding progressivism and crime o Scientific knowledge can effectively confront and even prevent crime Declaration of principles o 37 principles Guided and shaped correctional policy Individual treatment The imagery of corrections progressivism Analogy medical profession The promise of progressive ideology was to expand rehabilitation and individual treatment o Youth reformatories Prior to 1850s children could be thrown in prison in reality it seldom happened though In order to reduce crime you have to get at the younger offenders this explains the focus on youth reformatories in the progressivism era Work was the biggest form of treatment Strict compliance failure to comply resulted in brutal punishment o 1880 developments Parole Indeterminate sentence A decision making process in which inmates are selected or released from prison prior to serving their full sentence A community supervision service that supervises released inmates in the free community until the expiration of their original full sentence A treatment process in which every entering inmate is diagnosed as to what the causes to this person s criminality are Causes individual treatment plan treatment in free community until you re cured A formal organization with bureaucratic characteristics Subject to goal displacement see correctional organizational framework Regulates prison populations Routinized control Depends on state nowadays Probation A sentence not affiliated with prison but an alternative to prison In which an offender are selected to serve time in their community rather than in prison In addition to community supervision can include some jail time Jail is local county Also individual treatments like parole however it is different in some aspects Formal organization Subject to goal displacement Urban disenchantment social organization focus of progressivism Recidivism was finally acknowledged in this time 1850s Colonial America ch 2 Ex Essay Identify and discuss the ideology and community characteristics of colonial America that shaped their responses to crime Basically how was society an influence on crime control policies o God preordained everything given the colonial belief that God and that everyone relied on everyone in their small knit community It was imperative that their crime control efforts were influenced by biblical teachings Shaming was effective because it was consistent with God s teachings and impacted the criminal more because they lived in a small knit community Period Transition Ex Essay Identify and discuss the