12 02 2015 CHAPTER 10 DECENTRALIZATION 60s 70s NATURE OF SOCIETY CJ system did more harm than good Deinstitutionalization movement emerged wanted to avoid CJ system with most all cases CJ organization drifted from its formal goals o Maintain law and order o Maintaining no matter what costs o Formal goal of courts presumption of innocent with rule of o Fair trail by jury of peers o Courts operate with a presumption of guilt with bargaining law plea 1964 election LBJ crime control became major political issue New crime control approach launched with election of LBJ in 1964 IDEOLOGY Dramatization of evil kids engage in youthful behavior Secondary Deviance CJ system did more harm than good Approached crime control the way the did the space launch o Get experts together what works what doesn t Labeling theory Embraced in the 60s explained drift from formal goals o Agencies of social control type and categorized according to social class demeanor race and focus attention on it o Through this process these agencies can unintentionally create intensify or perpetuate secondary deviance METHODS OF CRIME CONTROL Commission reports Only cases of manifest danger should go to the formal criminal justice system More harm than good based on labeling theory which led to secondary deviance Purpose was to study crime find cause and eliminate Bulk of the rest should go through diversion Subsidy approach employed by LEAA Law Enforcement Assistance Administration federal regional state local founded upon a gentleman s agreement We ll give you seed money see they re wonderful then we ll pull back seed money Programs would then be institutionalized Looking at caseloads local ranch didn t operate as alternative rather supplement to local probation Diversion name of the game was to be an alternative with services to informal probation not seen in 6 months nothing happens Diversion led to major net widening it had unintended outcomes Services include o Community outreach walk ins referrals from police Had o Youth houses referrals from outreach center to the family group counseling intervention units o Drug abuse units educate o Most prominent Family intervention units counterproductive when you try to fix problem 1 2 operate with resource scarcity both together produces operational uncertainty net widening associated with diversion was double whamming As families became viewed as dysfunctional children were removed becomes counter productive it can be avoided if there s commitment to implement policies the correct way Diversion movement looking at juvenile delinquency embraced labeling theory o They wanted to keep children out of the system so they would not see themselves as delinquent and thus keep doing delinquent acts o Embraced diversion to keep children out of the system CHAPTER 11 80s 90s NATURE OF SOCIETY Wake of Vietnam war Little basis for optimism Movement of social problems Characterized as rugged individualism Anyone can do it If you re a failure that s your fault Focuses on the offender The rich got richer and the poor got prison Culture of greed Regan era Famous for regan economics Say No To Drugs nancy regan you just need to say no o Idea to stop taxing the rich Extra money they save will somehow trickle down to the lower class Job Creator Supported privatization elimination of welfare increasing military money Zero Tolerance era for crime and drugs Crime became the center piece for political campaigns o Used fear of crime to get folks Punishment and Justice over rehab would reduce crime Crime and social problems had little to do with social economical concepts All about individual choice IDEOLOGY Rational choice theory free will Assumes criminals are opportunity actors Possible of calculating the consequences of their actions Principle of Utility pain vs pleasure Expected principle of social economic utility max of profit min of loss precipitated by Routine activity theory major focus on free will Crime o Freely motivated offender o A suitable target o Absence of capable guardians of persons or property METHODS OF CRIME CONTROL Takes away judge s decision on how much punishment is needed Three strikes you re out law Truth in sentencing No one released without serving at least 85 overcrowding War on drugs Abolishment of parole individualized treatment mandatory minimum sentencing Habitual offender status programs Indeterminate sentencing home imprisonment electronic monitoring Reinstates death penalty Pg 204 table 11 1 CHAPTER 12 Overall trend why are they diff how they pose as challenge to correctional system What policies need to address System expanded and got huge composition changed a bit Bringing everyone into the system 4 groups grow fast and expensive to house Each poses challenges system cannot deal with because it s very resistant to change Changes are slow and happen only after lawsuit WOMEN Pregnancy o 6 10 Extremely expensive Clothing Vitamins Med care o Labor and Delivery Some are shackled o Should abortion be provided o Some states allow mother to keep child up to 30 months lower risk Dependent Children Fuelled by the war on drugs Majority incarcerated for drug crimes non violent offenses Last 40 years female inmate population increased by 800 outpaced increase in male population Segregation didn t work before 1900s Often got raped Females later got their own prisons Most likely to be homeless addicted to drugs live in poverty and be victims of crime themselves when incarcerated 80 are mother and have 2 3 dependent children living with them before incarceration Is it the system s responsibility to handle children More likely for recidivism if they lose custody of children Visitations are rare Should they be released when they re no longer harmful to society Fastest growing inmate population because they re growing old behind bars ELDERLY Expensive to take care of Meds Wheelchairs Shower rods Lowest recidivism rate when released too old to commit children to live with grown out of crime INAMTES WHO ARE MENTALLY ILL Separate facilities for these people When prison populations are small mental hospital populations will Trans institutionalization sharing of populations between prisons be large and mental hospitals INMATES WITH DISEASES 50 have diagnosed mental illness population 30 higher than in mental institutions Those on the more severe side aren t given proper services Medicated enough to keep out of pain Small populations but post a huge risk Tend to move into lower class