Study Guide EXAM 2 MUMH 1600 005 Fall 2015 De Rycke From Turino Ch 5 Participatory Presentational and High Fidelity Music in Zimbabwe Indigenous Shona vs Cosmopolitan o Shona Majority language of Zimbabwe Bira Ceremony Murehwa district Mbira Dandanda Hosho is an all night ritual celebrated by Shona people from Zimbabwe in which members of an extended family call on ancestral spirits for guidance and intercession The attendees at a ceremony participate in singing dancing and hand clapping Bira is an all night ritual celebrated by Shona people from Zimbabwe in which members of an extended family call on ancestral spirits for guidance and intercession The attendees at a ceremony participate in singing dancing and hand clapping The two mbira thumb piano players are joined by a player on a pair of gourd shakers hosho which emphasize the underlying triplet beat The mbira playing and singing are all improvised off the familiar basic patterns resulting in a constantly changing polyphonic texture In this ceremony music that was favored by the ancestors when they were alive is used to summon the spirits to possess living mediums thus the religious belief system helps to preserve older musical practices o Cosmopolitan Concert style of 1940s De Black Evening Follies Bantu Actors Murehwa region traditional dance in national context Jerusarema The dance is characterized by sensual and acrobatic movements by women in unison with men driven by a single polyrhythmic drummer accompanied by men playing woodblock clappers and by women handclapping yodeling and blowing whistles From Kelly Chapters 4 9 Opera involves grandeur rhetoric drama passion and elaborate presentations Perfect expression of Baroque art Recitative Style Defined as a type of singing that resembles speaking by following the natural rhythms of the text Sing their parts in rhythm and at the speed that an actor would normally use in speaking Words are sung to a melody to emphasize the sound and sometimes the meaning of the words Aria or song is the place where the action pauses and the music takes over Generally intended to express one or two specific emotions and their corresponding musical moods Early opera and Greek drama Basso continuo The continuous bass line with its continuous chordal accompaniment Castrato A male singer who was castrated before his voice changed Famous for their powerful voices Claudio Monteverdi Belongs mostly in the Baroque era at least for his opera L Orfeo in 1607 Orfeo All male cast It is based on the Greek legend of Orpheus and tells the story of his descent to Hades and his fruitless attempt to bring his dead bride Eurydice back to the living world Mantua Gonzaga family The House of Gonzaga was a princely family that ruled Mantua in Northern Italy from 1328 to 1708 they also ruled Monferrato in Piedmont and Nevers in France and also many other lesser fiefs throughout Europe Oratorio A grand religious drama written in the style of an opera but without opera s expensive trappings Handel Messiah 3 parts first part is consisting of a recitative an aria and a chorus The second part is a sequence representing the Passion Resurrection and the spread of the Gospel of Christ Hallelujah Third part is drawn from the funeral service is a reflection on triumph over death Amen fugue Recitative might be accompanied by basso continuo harpsichord or other chordal instruments and a bass instrument recitativo secco or dry recitative or accompanied by a larger number of instruments recitativo accompagnato accompanied recitative Chorus movements for chorus sopranos altos tenors basses plus orchestra They tend to attach a musical motive to each phrase of text Melisma a group of notes sung to one syllable of text Sequence a series of repetitions that follows the opening gesture A group of notes repeated several times at incresingly higher or lower pitch Word painting is the musical technique of writing music that reflects the literal meaning of a song For example ascending scales would accompany lyrics about going up J S Bach Collegium Musicum Coffee House Harpsichord clavichord Fugue Subject Each is based on a melody called a subject Countersubject While the subject is being played in a second voice the first voice often continues into new melodic music called the countersubject Counter point Art of combining simultaneous melodies Imitation is an effortless way to teach us the melody and to teach us about counterpoint because we all hear the melody first all by itself then with only one other voice then with two other voices Episode there are entries of the subject in various voices often alternating with episodes in which the subject is not present in its entirety Well Tempered Clavier a collection of solo keyboard music composed by Johann Sebastian Bach Prelude Musical composition usually brief that is generally played as an introduction to another larger musical piece Fugue A polyphonic composition based on a single theme which is introduced in imitation in all voices at the beginning of the piece and recurs thereafter in various voices CLASSICAL STYLE Flexible varied rhythm Themes built from balanced phrases Homophonic texture predominates No basso continuo Many themes in a single movement Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Prague 1787 Lived in Vienna A genius with compositions have a perfection and a clarity that has rarely been equaled Struggled to be successful Child prodigy Prague loved Mozart Ending in a mass grave no money Pg 181 Opera seria We saw in connection with Handel generally deals with mythical or historical subjects The human characters are all gods or members of the nobility and behave in elevated fashion Mozart and Handel both wrote splendid examples of serious operas Opera buffa in not peopled exclusively with nobles Can have servants drunks buffoons There is no expectation that everybody must act in high minded fashion Indeed it is the mixture of people of various social ranks that often causes the complications in the plots of comic operas that straddle the line between comedy and tragedy Ensembles several characters not only sing beautiful music but advance the plot at the same time Some in which everybody sings at once but expressing different ideas and feelings Most of the music and action takes place here Lorenzo Da Ponte Masterful plot Don Giovanni One of the most skillful librettists of his day an italian poet and dramtist Pg 183 Don Giovanni Can be seen as a subversive work in a repressive and