MUMH 1600 005 Fall 2015 De Rycke Study Guide Quiz 3 complete by Monday October 12 noon Kelly Chapters 4 5 6 Turino Chapter 5 Covers Terms Baroque Originally referred to an irregularly shaped pearl and in a way it is a perfect image for the music we are about to consider Although the term was initially derogatory the notion of a precious item like a pearl with a unique and characteristic shape turns out to be an accurate description of Baroque music but without the negative connotation Passion Communication and Language Baroque Period 3 significant composers are Monteverdi Handel and Bach 1600 to 1750 Age of Absolutism period after exploration providing European nations with vast overseas empires and wealth that strengthens the kings into absolute monarchs and the exploring nations into superpowers but causes external conflicts such as religious and colonial wars and internal conflicts such as revolutions and civil wars as kings got too powerful Greek Tragedy Greek tragedy as a model The creators of opera sought to recreate the emotional power of ancient Greek tragedies People Places Claudio Monteverdi Belongs mostly in the Baroque era at least for his opera L Orfeo in 1607 Vicenzo Gonzaga The duke of Mantua was the absolute ruler of Mantua He kept on staff a group of court musicians led by Claduio Montevendi Johann Sebastian Bach Maria Barbara Anna Magdalena Bach First and second wife Johann Christian Bach composer of the classical era the 11th surviving child and youngest son of Bach Wilhelm Friedmann Bach The eldest son of Bach and the second child Carl Phillip Emmanuel Bach the fifith child and second surviving son Caf Zimmerman Gottfried Zimmermann The caf Zimmermann was the coffeehouse of Gottfried Zimmermann which formed the backdrop to the first performances of many of Bach s secular cantatas the coffee Cantata and instrumental works George Frederick Handel George Handel composed operas oratorios and instrumentals His 1741 work Messiah is the most famous oratorio Florentine Camerata A group later known as the Camerata met at the home of Giovanni de Bardi in Florence and discussed a variety of topics including Mei s ideas about Greek music Great Music Hall Dublin Zimbabwe Rhodesia Recitative Style Defined as a type of De Black Evening Follies Thomas Mapfumo a Zimbabwean musician known as The Lion of Zimbabwe and Mukanya the praise name of his clan in the Shona language for his immense popularity and for the political influence he wields singing that resembles speaking by following the natural rhythms of the text Monteverdi used this new style in his drama on the myth of Orpheus a play in which all the characters sing their parts Sing their parts in the rhythm and at the speed that an actor would normally use in speaking Words are sung to a melody designed to emphasize the sound and sometimes the meaning of the words accented syllables are set to longer and higher notes The words accelerate if the character feels excited or slow down if the character is sad Basso Continuo the continuous bass line with its continuous chordal accompaniment Opera involves grandeur rhetoric drama passion and elaborate presentations Opera is the perfect expression of Baroque art A play in which all the characters sing their parts Recitative Aria or song is the place where the action pauses and the music takes over Generally intended to express one or two specific emotions and their corresponding musical moods Often opens and concludes with an orchestral ritornello The vocal part has many text repetitions to accommodate elaborate musical structures The singer s music may include different melismas and may have a cadenza at the end Chorus movements for chorus sopranos altos tenors basses plus orchestra They tend to attach a musical motive to each phrase of text Variety of textures Often begin like arias with an orchestral ritornello Oratorio a grand religious drama written in the style of an opera but without opera s expensive trappings Castrato A male singer who was castrated before his voice changed such singers were in great demand and were famous for their powerful voices Sequence A series of repetitions follows the opening gesture a favorite Baroque technique A group of notes repeated several times at increasingly higher or lower pitch Orfeo 1607 Monteverdi all male cast Messiah 1742 Handel 3 parts first part is consisting of a recitative an aria and a chorus The second part is a sequence representing the Passion Resurrection and the spread of the Gospel of Christ Hallelujah Third part is drawn from the funeral service is a reflection on triumph over death Amen fugue Coffee House Coffee Craze Bach Revival Prelude musical composition usually brief that is generally played as an introduction to another larger musical piece Fugue a polyphonic composition based on a single theme which is introduced in imitation in all voices at the beginning of the piece and recurs thereafter in various voices Subject Each is based on a melody called subject Countersubject Imitation is an effortless way to teach us the melody and to teach us about counterpoint because we hear the melody first all by itself then with only one other voice then with two other voices Exposition There is an exposition section in which each voice enters in turn with a statement of the subject Episode there are entries of the subject in various voices often alternating with episodes in which the subject is not present in its entirety Counterpoint Art of combining simultaneous melodies Well Tempered Clavier a collection of solo keyboard music composed by Johann Sebastian Bach St Thomas Church Leipzig Biwa Ceremony is an all night ritual celebrated by Shona people from Zimbabwe in which members of an extended family call on ancestral spirits for guidance and intercession The attendees at a ceremony participate in singing dancing and hand clapping Bira is an all night ritual celebrated by Shona people from Zimbabwe in which members of an extended family call on ancestral spirits for guidance and intercession The attendees at a ceremony participate in singing dancing and hand clapping The two mbira players are joined by a player on a pair of gourd shakers hosho which emphasize the underlying triplet beat The mbira playing and singing are all improvised off the familiar basic patterns resulting in a constantly changing polyphonic texture In this ceremony music that was favored by the ancestors when they were alive is used to summon the