MUMH 1600 00 Fall 2015 De Rycke Study Guide for Exam 1 Exam 1 is worth 100 points and will have the following format Multiple Choice Short Answer Listening 40 points 40 points 20 points CONCEPTS FROM TURINO Chapter 1 Flow Music as useful to human life Turino Chapter 1 Think about the assertion Turino page 12 that music the arts are o essential to human survival because they serve the function of integrating different parts of the self and integrating individuals with each other and their environment Do you agree or not Explain your position and PROVIDE EXAMPLES from the music we have studied or discussed thus far Chapter 1 Flow Arts are central to human evolution and human survival Understood in several basic ways Music dance festivals and other public expressive cultural practices are a primary way that people articulate the collective identities that are fundamental to forming and sustaining social groups which are in turn basic to survival Music and dance are key to identity formation because they are often public presentations of the deepest feelings and qualities that make a group unique Question 16 Psychologist Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi has created a theory of optimal experience or flow that helps explain how are and music aid individuals in reaching a fuller integration of the self He claims that this open state of mind is fundamental for psychic growth and integration Flow refers to a state of heightened concentration when one is so intent on the activity at hand that all other thoughts concerns and distractions disappear and the actor is fully in the present The most important condition for flow is that the activity must include the proper balance between inherent challenges and the skill level of the actor If the challenge is too low the activity becomes boring and if it s too high the activity leads to frustration Second condition is that they have a continually expanding ceiling for potential challenges The third condition for achieving flow is that the activity must contain the potential for immediate feedback on how one is doing which again keeps the mind focused on the activity at hand The fourth condition for creating flow is the activities should be clearly bounded by time and place so that participants can more fully concentrate on what they are doing and tune out The everyday The final feature that enhances the potential for intense concentration and flow is clear well established goals that are reachable within the bounded time and place and in relation to the skills challenge balance The first way that people make the connection between a sign and what it stands for is through resemblance what Peirce called icons or iconic signs The most basic type of iconic process is the grouping of phenomena because of some type of resemblance The second way that people connect a sign with what it stands for is by experiencing the sign and object together Peirce called this type of sign an index Smoke is the index of fire lightning to thunder The third way that signs are connected to their objects is through linguistic definition Words can be created and defined with other words and we can assign a specific meaning to all sorts of signs through linguistic definition Symbols are signs that have other symbols as their objects It is the strength of symbols that they do not require a resemblance to or co occurrence with things out in the world to be meaningful their meaning is linguistically based and socially agreed upon Symbols tend to keep us in the realm of symbolic though reducing the interplay of feeling and physical reaction and consequently of these different parts of the self Gregory Bateson s idea that the arts are essential to human survival because they serve the function of integrating different parts of the self and integrating individuals with each other and their environment Iconic and indexical signs are signs of our perceptions imagination and experiences whereas symbols are more abstract signs about things as generalities Iconic and especially indexical signs tie us to actual experiences people and aspects of the environment Chapter 2 Participatory and Presentational performance High Fidelity was used by the industry to refer to recordings Refers to the making of recordings that are intended to index or be iconic of live performance The differences in presentational music is that there is a clear barrier between the performer and the audience while in participatory music everyone present is doing something for the overall sound The second difference is that presentational music is performed by professionals and musicians while in participatory the skills of the participants vary from amateurs to professionals The third difference is that the musical form of presentational music is usually closed while in participatory music the form is open and often very repetitive The fourth difference is that in presentational music it has textures and timbres that are transparent while in participatory music they are usually dense and loose Transparent texture refers to music in which each instrumental or vocal part that is sounding simultaneously can be heard clearly and distinctly dense textures refer to music in which the different parts overlap and merge so they cannot be distinguished clearly The fifth difference is that in participatory music there is a lot of improvisation and loose while in presentational music they are usually scripted and rehearsed Studio audio art involves the creation and manipulation of sounds in a studio or on a computer to create a recorded art object that is not intended to represent real time performance Main conclusions of participatory performances is that these sounds featured 1 Functioned to inspire or support participation 2 Functioned to enhance social bonding a goal that often underlies participatory traditions 3 dialectically grew out of or were the result of participatory values and practices Chapter 3 High Fidelity and Studio Audio Art High Fidelity music refers to musical sounds heard on recordings that index or are iconic of live performance Involve an ideology of representation of live performance at some level dicent in that live performance is believed to have affected the signs of liveness in the recording in some way High fidelity sound is distinguished by an even greater concern for textural clarity and part separation than in the presentational field a concern that determines many facets of the music making process The