HSC4711 Exam 2 Study Guide Chapter 2 Stress 59 Define the following terms stress stressor stress response acute stress chronic stress burnout A Stress The General physical and emotional State that accompanies the stress response B Stressor Any physical or psychological event or condition that produces physical and emotional C Stress Response The Physical and emotional reactions to a stressor D Acute Stress Stress immediately following a stressor may last only minutes or may turn into reactions chronic stress E Chronic Stress Stress that Continues for Days weeks or longer F Burnout State of physical mental and emotional exhaustion 60 Provide examples of physiological and psychological stressors A Physiological Stress Requires Physical Action to be taken Actions of the Nervous System Autonomic Nervous System Sympathetic Division Activated during times of Arousal activity Parasympathetic is in control when your relaxed a b Actions Of the Endocrine System During Times of stress the sympathetic nervous system triggers a response within the endocrine system which releases hormones which allow the body to cope and deal with stress Two Key hormones are released Cortisol and Epinephrine these hormones cause the following adaptations Increases heart rate and respiration hearing and vision become more acute liver releases more sugar into the blood stream instant energy Perspiration to cool the skin brain releases endorphins chemicals that can inhibit or block sensation of pain c This system is Called the Flight Or fight Response B Psychological Stress Non Physical taking a test anxiety nervousness responses that are not physical but psychological In ones head feeling worked up before an interview feeling hopeless or loss of courage when faced with something tough or challenging 61 Provide examples of physical emotional and behavioral responses to stress A Physical Response to stress is the Fight or Flight system anything that requires instant action B Emotional responses to stress Anxiety depression and fear C Behavioral responses to stress Controlled by the somatic Nervous system include talking laughing exercising meditating learning time management skills becoming more assertive 62 What s the difference between distress and eustress A Distress Stress Resulting from a non pleasant stressor anything that ill effects you B Stress resulting form a pleasant stressor anything that effects you in a positive manner 63 Discuss the flight or fight response Already Discussed Above 64 Identify define and provide examples of the three personality types A Type A Ultracompetitive controlling impatient aggressive hostile Type A has a high perceived stress level problems coping with stress Respond explosively to stress even minor annoyances Higher chances of Heart attack B Type B Relaxed and contemplative less frustrated by daily events and more tolerate of the behaviors of others C Type C Anger suppression difficulty expressing their emotions feelings of hopelessness and despair and an exaggerated response to minor stressors this heightened response may impair immune function 65 How does personality types of hardiness optimism and resilience influence stress and the stress response A People with a hardy personality view potential stressors as challenges and opportunities for growth and learning rather then as burdens they see fewer situations as stressful and react less intensely than non hardy persons might 66 Be able to discuss the general adaptation syndrome model and its link to disease and illness A General Adaption Syndrome GAS A pattern of stress responses consisting of three stages alarm resistance and exhaustion B Alarm The alarm stage of GAS where the symptoms of the fight or flight response is still evident At this stage the body is more susceptible to disease or injury because it is geared up to deal with a crisis Symptoms include headache indigestion anxiety and disrupting eating or sleep patterns C Resistance with continued stress the body adapts a new level of homeostasis in which it is more resistant to disease and injury than usual At this stage person can cope with life and added stress D Exhaustion if the stressor persists or if several stressors occur at once general exhaustion sets in this is life threatening physiological exhaustion not General Exhaustion from a long day 67 What are some common typical sources of stress across the life span e g college students adults older individuals A Allostatic Load The long term negative impact of stress on the body B College Students have three kinds of stressors Academic Stress Interpersonal stress Time Pressures this all includes exams grades workload class schedule work schedule homework studying working friends family siblings coworkers Financial concerns money rent etc Worries about the Future C Adults Face Job related stress as the key source of stress in their lives performance lack or performance motivation etc Communication with employers Spouse home life Social Stressors D Older Individuals Health Money 68 Provide examples of social stress environmental stress and workplace stress A Social Stress can be real or Virtual FB Twitter Email ETC social support is a key buffer against stress interactions with others can be a source of stress Social stressors include Prejudice and Discrimination B Environmental Stress Noisy Restaurant or environment crowded Bar Traffic while driving etc Pollen construction Violent Neighborhoods location etc C Workplace stress Performance Important decisions superiors inferiors tasks Rate of reward job satisfaction 69 What are daily hassles such a hassle A They are those daily minor irritations such as misplacing our car keys traffic jams minor arguments with family colleagues etc Research by Lazarus and Folkman 1984 at the University of California indicated that it was the daily hassles rather than the major life events that affected us the most Life events do not occur every day but daily hassles do its the constant daily frustration caused by these hassles that cause us the most stress because they occur so regularly and therefore can undermine our health 70 What are signs symptoms and behaviors of in effective responses to stress Both acute and chronic A Acute responses include 5 100 minute stressor white blood cells move into the skin where they enhance immune response During a stressful sequence such as personal trauma they are typically no overall immune changes B Chronic Response include Prolonged