HSC4711 Exam 1 Study Guide- Wellness: optimal health and vitality; living life to its fullest; encompassing all the dimensions of well-beingo invlolves making conscious decisions to enhance your health and control risk factorso health: overall condition of body or mind and the presence or absence of injuryo risk factor: condition that increases chance of disease or injury o Dimensions of Wellness: all are interrelated and have an effect on each other physical: body’s overall condition; absence of disease; fitness level; ability to care for yourself emotional: ability to understand and deal with feelings; finding solutions to emotional problems intellectual: challenging mind constantly; an active mind detects problems, finds solutions, and directs behavior interpersonal: ability to develop and maintain satisfying and supportive relationships; participating in and contributing to community and to society spiritual: possess a set of guiding beliefs, principles, or values that give meaning and purpose to your life environmental: livability of your surroundings; either supports or diminishes your wellnesso infectious disease: disease that can spread from person to person; caused by bacteria and viruseso chronic disease: disease that develops and continues over a long period of time; heart disease, cancer, etco lifestyle choice: conscious behavior that can increase or decrease a person’s risk of disease or injury; behaviors include smoking, exercising, eating right, etc- Healthy People Initiativeo aims to prevent disease and improve Americans’ quality of lifeo poor health drains the nation’s resources and raises health care costs for allo 2 goals: increase quality and years of healthy life eliminate health disparities among Americanso Healthy Campus 2010: provides planning guidelines and more than 200 health-related objectives specifically designed for college students- Diverse Populations’ Health Issueso many health conditions are a function of biology and culture combinedo health-related differences among people can be described and identified in contextof several different dimensions: Sex and Gender sex: biological and physiological characteristics that define men and women; related to chromosomes, genetics, and hormones gender: roles, behaviors, activities, and attributes that a given society considers appropriate for men and women; rooted in biology and physiology, but shaped by experience and environment Ethnicity some disease are concentrated in certain gene pools disparities result from a mix of genetic variations, environmental factors, and health behaviors ethnic groups may vary in their traditional diets; their family and interpersonal relationships; their attitudes toward drugs; and theur health beliefs and practices Income and Education poverty and low educational availability are more important predictors of poor health than an ethnic factor income and education closely related worst health status: low income, low education, high infant mortality, traumatic injury/violent death, many diseases, poor eating habits, drug use, poor health care Disability disability rate is rising more likely to be inactive and overweight report more days of depression Geographic Location rural areas: less likely to be physically active, safe, use preventative health care, lack health insurance, dangerous living situations Sexual Orientation being homo- or bisexual affects emotional wellness and personal safety more likely to engage in risky behaviors, be depressed and commit suicide, and HIV/AIDs- Factors Influencing Wellnesso Health Habits regular exercise prevent disease, as well as healthy and varied dieto Hereditary/ Family History genome: complete set of genetic material in an individual’s cells gene: basic unit of heredity; section of genetic material containing chemical instructions for making a particular protein altered genes play role in chronic diseases but, genetic alterations serve only to increase an individual’s risk and the disease itself results from the interaction of many genes with other factors like environment and habitso Environment not only the air you breathe and water you drink but also substances and conditions in home, workplace, and communityo Access to Health Care adequate health care improves quality and quantity of life through preventative care and treatment of diseaseo Behavior behavior can tip balance toward good health, even when heredity or environment is bad you can make a difference in how great an impact of heredity and environment will have on your health- Lifestyle Managemento behavior change: lifestyle management process that involves cultivating healthy behaviors and working to overcome unhealthy oneso must know that behavior is problematic and that it can be changed before you start to change it  self-assesment!o target behavior: isolated behavior selected as object for a behavior change programo motivation is almost always necessary to change a behavioro must believe that benefits of change outweigh the costso more people are motivated by short term goalso self-efficacy: belief in one’s ability to take action and perform a specific activity develop internal locus of control, using visualization and self-talk, and getting encouragement from supportive people locus of control: figurative “place” a person designates as the source of responsibility for the events in his or her life internal: belief that you are in control of your own life; reinforces motivation and commitment for lifestyle management (important) external: belief that factors beyond your control determine the course of your life visualization: boost confidence and self-efficacy by seeing self successful self-talk: internal dialogue you carry on with yourself to increase your confidence in ability to change social support plays huge role in changing a behavior (motivation and chance of success increases) don’t let failures discourage you; they’re normal- Transtheoretical (“Stages of Change”) Modelo Precontemplation: don’t think there’s a problem and no intent to change; unaware of risks or deny them; tried in the past and failed and now think there’s no hope; more reasons not to change than there are to changeo Contemplation: know they have a problem and intend to change; aware of both