HSC4711 Wellness Study GuideExam 1Chapter 1: Taking charge of your healthDefinitions • Health = condition of a person, having or not having a disease• Wellness = optimal health and vitality (includes things such as gender, lifestyle, age, etc)• Risk factor• Morbidity rate = relative incident of disease among a population• Mortality rate = number of deaths in a population in a given period of time• Infectious disease = a disease that can spread from person to person• Chronic disease = a disease that develops and continues over a long period of timeo Diabetes, pulmonary disease• Acute disease = a disease that has rapid onset, and a short course (in comparison to chronic)o Acute myocardial infarction, hepatitis• Lifestyle choice = the way a person chooses to live, their actions and surroundings• Sex = biological sex• Gender = what you or society identifies you as• Genome = compilation of all genes• Gene = a molecular unit of heredity Six dimensions of wellness• Physical – exercising, practicing safe sex• Emotional – optimism, trust, self esteem• Intellectual – creativity, curiosity, sense of humor• Interpersonal – communication kills, capacity for intimacy• Spiritual – forgiveness, capacity for love• Environmental – reducing pollution, recyclingo All are interrelated and effect each othero Continuum: low levels of wellness is associated with malaise; with increasing levels of wellness this leads to a vital, meaningful life1900 vs Today• Contribute to 60+ % increase in the average life span = vaccines, antibiotics, PH campaigns• Leading three causes of death in US = heart disease, cancer, stroke• Leading causes of death in US, ages 15-24 = accidents, homicide, suicide, canter, and heart disease• 8% of Americans have diabetes – 25% don’t even know it• 47 million living Americans have stopped smokingWomen vs MenHealth Issues Women MenLife expectancy 5+ years than men, but tend to suffer from alzheimers, arthritis, and osteoperosis ShorterHeart attacks Occur 10 years later 10 years soonerStroke More likely to have, and/or die from oneMore likely to survive, but tend to suffer language ability lossImmune response Stronger Less likely to develop auto immune diseases (symptoms of which are butterfly shaped rashes, arthritis, kidney disorder, neurological disorder)Smoking Higher rates of lung cancer Higher rates of smokingAlcohol Become more intoxicated More likely to use or abuse alcoholDepression More likely to suffer from depressionLower rates of depression and suicideHeadaches More likely to suffer from migranesMore likely to suffer from cluster headachesHealthy People • Latest report’s two broad national goals:o Increase years and quality of healthy lifeo Eliminate health disparities among Americans Health issues for diverse populations• Sex and gender• Ethnicityo African Americans have highest rate of sickle cell anemiao One in two latinos will develop diabeteso Asian Americans have lower rates of coronary heart disease and obesity• Income and educationo People in poverty and low education have higher rates of infant mortality, traumatic injury, violent deatho These factors are more important predictors of poor health than any ethnic factor• Disabilityo One in five peopleo Tend to be inactive and overweighto Suffer major depression• Geographic locationo One in four people lives in a rural location (less than 2500 residents)o Tend to be inactive, not wear their seat belts, not have health careo Have less access to emergency services• Sexual orientationo Seek personal, family, and social acceptanceo Homosexuals… more likely to: engage in unsafe sex, abuse drugs, and …Factors that influence wellness• Health habits• Heredity/family historyo Cystic fibrosis = hereditary disorder characterized by lung congestion and infection and malabsorption of nutrients by the pancreas• Environment• Access to health careo Less access in rural areas• Taking personal responsibility for your wellnessReaching wellness through lifestyle management • Examine your current health habits, reevaluate behaviors• Choose a target behavior you want to change, start small, and make your next goal a little more significant• Learn about your target behavior:o How is it affecting your level of wellness todayo What diseases or conditions does it place you at risk for?o What effect would changing it have on your health?• Find helpo Build motivation by examining the pros and cons, both long term and short termo Boost self efficacy by having an internal locus of control, self talk, role models, surrounding yourself with supportive people, and overcoming the barriers to changeReadiness to change, as told by the Transtheoretica;/Stages of Change Model• Precontemplation = people don’t think that they have a problem, not aware/deny the risk associated with their behavior• Contemplation = understand you have a problem and want to change (next 6 months)• Preparation = small changes have occurred, action should happen within 1 month• Action = change happens, requires the greatest commitment of time and energy• Maintenance = struggling against relapse, last 4-6 months• Termination = no more temptations, lowest risk to fall back to previous stage Developing skills for change: Creating a personalized plan • Monitor your behavior and gather data• Analyze the data and identify patterns: when, triggers, location, situation, other’s actions• Be smart about setting goals: specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, time-frame specific• Devise a plan for action: get what you need, modify your environment, control related habits, reward yourself, involve the people around you, plan for challenges• Make a personal contract: STARTING DATE, STEPS you will take to measure your progress, STRATEGIES you plan to use to promote change, ENDING DATE of reaching final goalPractice Questions from class: • The six dimensions of wellness include all of the following: emotional wellness, environmental wellness, spiritual wellness• The six dimensions of wellness: are interrelated• Spiritual wellness is best described as: meaning and purpose in one’s life (*table 1.1)• The wellness concept defines health as the absence of disease: false (because health is the concept of the presence or absence of disease)• To achieve overall wellness and individual must seek to develop at least four of the six dimensions of wellness: