1 What are 2 types of emergency hormonal contraception and how do they work High P only or E P The progestin in Plan B prevents ovulation how and may also disrupt sperm transport cheesy mucus and or implantation of conceptus Ella contains a progesterone receptor modulator that essentially blocks the P receptor This would make the uterus inhospitable for implantation 2 What is a problem with the high E in E P pills What can one do to combat that Leads to nausea and they aren t very reliable but inserting the pill into the vagina can reduce vomiting Take dramamine 30 before the hormone dose 3 Does Plan B lead to abortion Why or why not The progestin in plan B prevents ovulation and may also disrupt sperm transport by causing a cheesy mucus and or implantation of the conceptus If there is pregnancy already established the hormones won t hurt the fetus Not exactly contraception because fertilization may have already occurred But not abortion either because abortion is termination of pregnancy implantation and pregnancy would not have occurred 4 What is a non hormone means of preventing implantation Inserting an IUD can be done up to 10 days after sex and prevents implantation It is 100 reliable more expensive and inconvenient 5 What are 1 advantage and 1 disadvantage of vasectomy Advantages 100 reliable cheaper and safer than tubal sterilization Disadvantages some bleeding or infection up front expenses are considerable may not be reversible 6 What are 1 advantage and 1 disadvantage of tubal sterilization Advantages 39 decrease in ovarian cancer risk decreased endometrial cancer Disadvantages more invasive riskier and more expensive 7 What are 3 potential new contraceptive methods and how do they work Vaccine against hCG blocks implantation androgen based contraceptives for men blocks sperm production no FSH antagonist at vitamin A receptors uses the principle that spermatogenesis is very dependent on Vitamin A 8 What is the standard first trimester surgical abortion method Vacuum aspiration is the most common procedure using local or no anesthesia The vagina is rinsed with antiseptic the cervix is dilated and a tube is inserted into the uterus and a pump applies suction to break up embryo or fetus and the membranes 9 How can labor be induced late in the second trimester Saline induced abortion saline is injected into the amniotic sac Prostaglandin is injected into the amniotic sac or vaginal suppository Contractions begin in 1 hour fetus is expelled within 48 hours 10 What 2 drugs are used to induce medical abortions What does each do The first P antagonist RU 486 mifepristone terminates the pregnancy The second a prostaglandins misoprostol causes uterine contractions Methotrexate alternative to RU 486 is given by injetion to kill rapidly diving cells including the fetus 11 What are 2 advantages and 2 disadvantages of medical compared to surgical abortion Advantages not invasive uses injetion or pills can be performed earlier may seem more like a natural miscarriage disadvantages more expensive cant be performed after 7 9 weeks after beginning of last period takes longer more trips to MD 1 What are some characteristics of faces and bodies that may make them more attractive The more symmetrical a person s face the mroe attractive sexy and healthy they are perceived to be Symmetry increases the perceived attractiveness of bodies as well Babyfacedness is sometimes considered attractive Women judge men in all weight categories with a WHR of 0 9 to be the most attractive Women with a WHR of 0 7 are regarded as most attractive hourglass figure 2 What brain areas are activated during sexual arousal Activity in the anterior cingulate cortex a portion of the brain that is also activated by other emotionally rewarding stimuli is associated with sexual arousal Remaining areas are caudate nucleus and putamen parts of basal ganglia Drugs used as aphrodisiacs may temporarily enhance sexual responses but chronic use ultimately decreases the ability to have much pleasure 3 Be able to recognize some drugs that are used as aphrodisiacs What are their long term consequences if used chronically deer velvet covering the growing antlers is considered by some to be an aphrodisiac meth cocaine MDMA opiates can increase sexual pleasure but can lead to major problems with chronic use Alcohol is a depressant that can remove inhibitions But it can also impare sexual performance 4 Be able to recognize the physiological changes that occur in women and men during the 4 stages of the orgasmic cycle Women excitement uterus rises vagina lubricates labia engorge clitoris becomes erect heart rate and breathing increases Plateau upper vagina expands orgasmic platform forms muscles expand clitoris retracts under hood Orgasm uterus anal sphincter orgasmic platform Resolution uterus descends orgasmic platform relaxes labia engorgement decreases clitoris descends shrinks contract Men Excitement testicles rise erection begins Plateau bulbourethral glands contract testicles engorge 7 elevate scrotal skin thickens penis fully erect Orgasm vas deferens seminal vesicles prostate gland anal sphincter and urethra all contract Resolution testicles descend loss of erection 5 Which brain areas show increased activity in men and in women during orgasm Orgasm men show increase activity in several areas including the thalamus women show increased activity in several areas including the nucleus accumbens 6 What is the source of fluid in some women s ejaculate Of fluid from the paraurethral glands which are similar to the male prostate 7 What is the Coolidge effect 8 The revival of sexual arousal caused by the presence of a novel partner What are several legal changes for and against gay rights in the past 10 years Be able to recognize them Gay marriage in 6 states Mass Connecticut Iowa Vermont New Hampshire New York Wash DC 1996 Defense of Marriage Act marriage is between a man and a woman 2009 federal judge DOMA violates gay people s Fifth Amendment right to equal protection 2011 Obama declined to fight the judge s decision but Republican controlled Congress is trying to intervene in support of the law Supreme Court heard challenge 3 2013 2011 poll 70 of Americans ages 18 34 support legalization 2003 Ontario Canada legalized same sex marriage 2005 Federal act all Canadians 2009 federal judge DOMA violates gay people s Fifth Amendment right to equal protection 2011 Obama declined to fight the judge s decision but Republican