Chapter 1 Taking Charge of Your Health 1 Define the following terms health wellness risk factors morbidity mortality life expectancy chronic disease functional impairment attitude belief value Health overall condition of a persons body or mind and to the presence Wellness living a rich meaningful energetic life as well as having Risk factors factors that contribute to disease or injury ie smoking or absence of illness or injury optimal health and vitality exercising diet Morbidity rate the relative incidence of disease among a population Mortality rate the number of deaths in a population in a given period of time usually expressed as a ratio ie 75 deaths 1000 members of the population Life expectancy The period of time a member of a given population is expected to live Has improved over time due to vaccines antibiotics improved public living conditions Chronic disease A disease that develops and continues over a long period of time such as heart disease or cancer Functional impairment A health condition in which a particular part of the body is unable to function to full capacity Attitude feelings predispositions or a set of beliefs an evaluation directed toward an object person or situation Belief emotionally and or intellectually accepted as true Value a preference 2 Identify define describe and provide examples of the dimensions of wellness Physical ability to maintain a healthy quality of life that allows us to get through our ADL s without undue fatigue or physical stress PA healthy eating responsibility for own health know signs or symptoms R between physical wellness and self esteem self control and sense of direction Emotional ability to understand ourselves and cope w challenges life can bring anger fear sadness stress etc Trust self confidence optimism satisfying relationships and Seeking support and expressing emotions in a suitable self esteem manner Setting priorities Accepting and learning from mistakes Intellectual ability to open ones mind to new ideas and experiences that can be applied to personal decisions group interactions and community betterment Desire to learn new concepts improve skills and seek new challenges lifelong learning Active mind Interpersonal social ability to interact with people Good communication skills Respect for others and self Support system of family and friends Believe its better to live in harmony than conflict Participating in and contributing to the community Spiritual ability to establish peace and harmony Personal matter involving values and beliefs that provide a purpose in our life Leading one to strive for a state of harmony with oneself and others while working to balance inner needs with the rest of the world Nature art meditation religion loved one Environmental ability to recognize responsibility for the quality of air water and land Live in harmony with earth by understanding your impact taking action to protect and protect yourself from environmental hazards Air UV radiation chemicals noise water pollution smoke Occupational ability to get personal fulfillment from a job or chosen career field while still maintaining balance in your life Positive impact on the organization of work to society Exploring career options and finding your nitch Financial ability to understand your financial situation and taking care of it in such a way that you are prepared for financial changes Where does your money come from and where does it go Limits of your income and living within means Planning for retirement 3 Identify define and provide examples of the two approaches to prevention Population public health or community based approach Personal clinical high risk or one on one individual approach 4 Identify define and provide examples of the three levels of prevention Primary preventing the development of a disease in a susceptible population Flu shot nutrition program before the fact Secondary early detection and prompt treatment of disease Includes primary Screening test physical pap smear medication Tertiary limitation of disability and rehabilitation where disease has already occurred and left residual damage Includes primary and secondary Rehab Example How to prevent a heart attack 1 counseling At risk activity nutrition aspirin 2 meds bp lipids 3 team based approaches MD RN RD EP pharm ACSW 5 Define health promotion Provide examples of health promotion initiatives Process of enabling people to increase control over their health and its determinants and thereby improving their health Empower people to make healthy lifestyle choices Edu counseling support tools policy health inequalities NIH CDC evidence based 6 Define disease prevention Provide examples of disease prevention initiatives Process of providing tools that people and communities need to protect their health by reducing risks promoting health preventing disease injury and disability preparing for new health threats Profiling and screening test for early detection well visits immunizations screenings 7 What are the leading causes of death combined age racial etc groups in the USA Heart disease cancer chronic lower respiratory disease stroke accidents Alzheimer s disease diabetes kidney disease influenza and pneumonia suicide septicemia chronic liver disease and cirrhosis hypertension Parkinson s disease pneumonitis due to solids and liquids other 8 What are the leading causes of death in relatively young people teenagers to young adulthood in the USA Accidents Homocide suicide cancer heart disease 9 What are the leading lifestyle and environmental causes of death in the USA Tabacco 18 Diet sedentary 15 alcohol 4 microbial 4 toxic motor firearms sex drugs 10 Discuss the role of sex ethnicity income education disability environment and geographic location in determinants of health and on individual health issues The range of personal social economic and environmental factors that influence health status are known as determinants of health Sex and gender Higher rates of smoking and drinking among men and lower Women are more vulnerable to the toxins in tobacco smoke their earnings among women cancer rates increases more Ethnicity American ethnic minorities have higher rates of death and disability from many causes Some diseases are concentrated in certain gene pools ie sickle cell is most common among people of African ancestry Poverty and low education are one of the most important predictors Groups with highest poverty rates and least education have the Income and