Ardi Represented an intermediary form between a climber and a biped upper human like pelvis with lower climber like extremities possible hominin ancestor Christophe Boesch Worked with chimps in the Tai forest Craig Stanford Anthropologist and professor at USC Best known for his field study of the predator prey ecology of chimpanzees and his long term behavior and ecology study on chimpanzees and mountain gorilla Worked in the Gombe Reserve with Jane Goodall and chips David Graybeard Male chimp with which Jane Goodall worked known for his beard Dian Fossey Worked extensively with gorillas in Rwanda publishing Gorillas in the Mist Don Johanson Discovered the first Australopithecus afarensis fossil remains in Hadar E Africa reprented by Lucy Eugene Dubois 1858 1940 Proposed bipedalism preceded enlargement of the brain discovered skull cap in 1891 and named it Pithecanthropus erectus the first H Erectus discovered Flo The chimp with which Jane Goodall became particularly acquainted had eight children Sigmund Freud Harry Harlow Showed that animals experience feeling and that they must be provided with comfort also showed primates are reliant on learned behavior and importance of social contact with peers Ida Darwinius masillae See Ancient Primates Chart Imo Japanese Macaque that first washed potatoes in seawater causing the learned behavior to be assimilated into the primate s culture Shows importance of learning in primates Jane Goodall Worked to discover the social world of chimpanzees in the Gombe Reserve becoming particularly acquainted with the chimp Flo Kano Takayoshi Performed extensive research with Bonobos in Congo highlighting peaceful communal lifestyle One of the first to comment extensively on the sexual nature of bonobo protoculture Mary Leakey Discovered A Afarensis footprints preserved in volcanic rock in Tanzania one within another Owen Lovejoy A functional anatomist that is best known for his work with Australopithecine locomotion and the origins of bipedalism Published The Origin of Man in Science in Jan 1981 Raymond Dart Australian anatomist and anthropologist that discovered the first Australopithecus africanus at Taung in the Northern area of South Africa Robert Broom Most famous discovery being the Paranthropus robustus and also Mrs Ples an adult Austr Africanus Svante Paabo Highly egarded geneticist Performed TED talk highlighting proof that early humans mated w Neanderthals after leaving Africa From a genomic standpoint we are all Africans The Hobbit H floresiensis Recent hominin ancestor that was only 3 5 feet tall with a 417 cc cranial capacity Thought to possibly represent island dwarfism Geologic Time Other common traits tool tradition diet etc Genus Species proposed species split Ancestral to Location Date CC Miocene 6 0 7 0 mya Chad central Africa Sahelanthripus tchadensis 6 0 mya Tugen Hills of Kenya Orrorin tugenensis 4 4 mya Middle Awash site in Ethiopia Ardipithecus ramidus Ardi 3 5 3 2 mya West Turkana Kenya reported by Meave Leakey Kenyanthropus platyopus Small ape size brain small canines Angle of face more like humans Bipedal seen from muscle attachement in femur might be partly arboreal adapted to arboreal and terrestrial movement reduced canines human and ape like pelvis arms and legs equal hands wrists no adaptation to 300 350 cc climbing could support weight on branch Primitive Small brain jutting lower face small earhole Derived Small molars flat face tall cheek region African Ape African Ape Unknown 400 500 cc Australopithecus anamensis Pliocene 3 0 3 7 mya using K Ar Hadar Ethiopia Australopithecus afarensis Lucy Ape like skull small brain prognathic bipedal slightly arboreal teeth smaller than anamensis Australopithecus anamensis 2 5 mya Ethiopia South Africa later 2 5 3 3 mya 2 5 2 7 mya 2 6 1 2 mya 1 2 2 mya 1 9 1 4 mya 1 8 1 9 mya South Africa Australopithecus africanus East Africa East Africa South Africa Olduvai Gorge Tanzania by the Leakey family East Africa Asia Europe First one found in Java by Dubois Australopithecus aethiopecus Paranthropus black skull Australopithecus garhi Australopithecus boisei Australopithecus robustus Homo Habilis Homo erectus Small brain large face large back teeth 400 500 cc Australopithecus afarensis Homo sagittal crest prognathism large temporal fossas forward zygomatics selection for enhanced chewing Small brain but not robust anatomy tools to butcher animals Large temporal fossas forward zygomatics selction for chewing more robust than robustus 410 cc 450 cc 500 550 cc habilus Paranthropus Australopithecus afarensis Paranthropus aethiopecus Homo erectus Homo Tall and broad ramus large zygomatics selction to enhanced leverage Larger brain smaller teeth climbing retained used tools Oldowan for 530 cc 500 650 cc Homo rudolfensis Kenya 2 4 Paranthropus 1 6mya 600 800cc butchering no external nose Increase in stature Sagittal keel post orbital constriction weak chin sexual dimorphism smaller posterior teeth larger front teeth large pelvis and femur external nose used Acheulian hand axes 800ish cc Homo ergaster African specimens Pleistocene 300 kya Across the Old World Homo heidelbergensis 125 28 kya Europe Middle East Homo neanderthalensis Homo sapien sapiens neanderthalensis About 12 kya Flores SE Asia Homo floresiensis The hobbit Zhoukoudian In China showed evidence of fire and survival to 400 kya Dmanisi In Georgia earliest known hominid site out of Africa Skull 5 Skull is higher and more well rounded not as prognathic tall and powerfully built large brow ridge but more separate occipital bun signs of caring for elderly and injured Mousterian tools short and stocky large brains large external nose and sinus cavities One meter tall long arms slightly prognathic pronounced brow ridge continuoius nasal ridge sloping forhead small teeth wide at base of skull post orbital constriction flared zygomatics long upper lombs between apes humans robust lower limbs derived foot morphology ape wrist morphology Australopithic like pelvis 1 200 cc Larger than H sapien Homo ergaster erectus H sapien neanderthalensis 380 cc N A hotly debated whether early hominin Australopithecus anamensis Homo rudolfensis Australopithecus garhi Homo habilis Australopithecus africanus Paranthropus Paranthropus boisei Homo N A N A ergaster N A N A N A