CHAPTER 1 Taking charge of your health 1 health the overall condition of a person s body mind and to the presence ab sence of illness injury wellness optimal health and vitality encompassing all the dimensions of well being risk factors a condition that increases one s chances of disease or injury morbidity the relative incidence of disease among a population mortality the number of deaths in a population in a given period of time life expectancy the expected number of years of life remaining at a certain age chronic disease a disease that develops and continues over a long period of time such as heart disease or cancer functional impairment a condition in which some part of the body isn t working at full capacity attitude feelings predispositions or set of beliefs an evaluation directed toward an object person or situation belief emotionally or intellectually accepted as true value a preference 2 a b Dimensions of Wellness Physical body s overall condition fitness level and ability to care for yourself Emotional exploring thoughts and feelings trust self confidence optimism satis fying relationships self esteem Intellectual constantly change minds active mind detects problems finds solu tions directs behavior never stop learning Interpersonal supportive relationships good communication skills intimacy Spiritual guiding beliefs principles values that give meaning and purpose to life organized religion or non religious can come from nature art meditation good works Environmental livability of your surroundings Financial living within means and manage money with peace of mind balancing expenses and staying out of debt Occupational ability to get personal fulfillment from a job or chosen career field while still maintaining balance in your life positive impact in the organization Two approaches to prevention Population public health or community based approach tends to be expensive and non invasive should be inexpensive Personal clinical high risk or one on one approach expensive invasive incon venient Combination tends to work best most common Examples of three levels of prevention c d e f g h 3 a b c 4 a b c 5 6 7 8 9 10 a Primary preventing the development of disease in a susceptible population Secondary early detection and prompt treatment of disease Tertiary limitation of disability and rehabilitation where disease has already oc curred and left residual damage Health promotion the process of enabling people to increase control over their health and its determinants and thereby improve their health Some examples Disease prevention the process of providing tools that people and communities need to protect their health by reducing risks promoting health preventing disease injury disability and preparing for new health threats Examples Leading causes of death in US heart disease cancer and stroke Leading causes of death in young people accidents homicide suicide Leading lifestyle and environmental causes of death tobacco Roles on individual health issues Sex and gender sex the biological and physiological characteristics that define men women gender the roles behaviors activities and attributes that a given society consid ers appropriate for men women can be difficult to separate these two terms 1 3 american men and 1 5 women have no regular health care provider probably why men get sick quicker and they also wait as long as possible to see doctor b Ethnicity american ethnic minorities have higher rates of death and disability due to com plex mix of genetic variations environmental factors and health behaviors b some diseases are concentrated in certain gene pools Income and Education both are closely related poverty and low educational attainment are much more important predictors of poor health than any ethnic factor typically receive lower qual ity health care Disability b 1 5 americans have disability more likely to be inactive and overweight and depression activity limitations need assistance and may also lack assess to health care services b Environment Geographic Location 1 4 americans live in rural area which are less likely to be physically active use safety belts or screen tests for preventative health care b more likely to lack health insurance higher rates of some diseases injuries Sexual Orientation suicide acceptance 11 more likely to engage in risky behaviors like unsafe sex and drugs depression emotional wellness and personal safety are affected by personal family social 12 13 a b c d 14 15 16 5 broad categories of determinants of health policymaking social factors health services individual behavior and biology genetics Go to this website for more infor mation http www healthypeople gov 2020 about foundation health measures Determinants of Health Health People 2020 Initiative seeks to achieve a better quality of life for all Ameri cans The main two goals of 2020 is reduce adults who are sedentary and engage in no leisure time physical activity increase adults who are at a healthy weight Four Healthy People 2020 national health objectives To eliminate preventable disease disabilities injury and premature death Achieve health equity for all groups Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all Promote healthy development and healthy behaviors across every stage of life ex encouraging disease prevention Health disparities involve addressing health differences between individuals or groups that result from a social or economic disadvantage It is important to promote good health for even minority groups SF36 stands for short form 36 This is the paper quality of life It is a short form health survey that yields an 8 scale profile of functional health and well being scores as well as psychometrically based physical mental summary measures It s a generic measure as opposed to one that targets a specific age disease or treat ment group It has been useful in surveys of general and specific populations com paring burden of diseases and differentiating the health benefits produced by a wide range of different treatments This survey also led to the shorter survey SF12 Quality of life is defined as the perceived quality of an individual s daily life It s measured in a clinical context by being able to be subjective but in science it needs to be objective 17 The quality of life index includes factors that might affect your quality of life It may also be based on results of subjective life satisfaction surveys to the objective determinants of quality