Chapter 7 Drug Abuse and Addiction 79 Define the following terms addictive behavior addiction tolerance intoxication withdrawal physical dependence substance dependence dose response function time action function euphoria depressant sedation tranquilizer stimulant codependency tolerance The APA uses this term to describe tolerance and withdrawal habits that have gotten out of control resulting in negative side effects on a persons a physical state in which the body adapts to a drug so that the initial dose no longer produces a chronic disease that disrupts brain systems that regulate motivation and rewards The most the state of being mentally affected by a chemical literally a state of being poisoned physical and psychological symptoms that follow the interrupted use of a drug or behavior on Addictive behavior health Addiction characteristic feature of addiction is behavioral a nearly uncontrollable pursuit of physical or psychological reward and or relief through substance use or behaviors such as gambling Involves craving and the inability to recognize both significant risk and other problems with behaviors interpersonal relationships and emotional responses Like other chronic disease usually includes cycles of relapse and remission Without treatment it is progressive and can result in deadly health consequences Tolerance the original physical or psychological effect Intoxication Withdrawal which a use has become dependent Physical dependence Substance dependence of cognitive behavioral and psychological symptoms that occur in someone who continues to use a substance despite suffering significant substance related problems leading to significant impairment or distress aka addiction Dose response function resulting effect Time action function its effect Euphoria Depressant drowsiness or sleep Sedation Tranquilizer Stimulant Codependency the abusers behavior codependent people frequently engage in enabling behaviors a relationship on which a non substance abusing partner or family member is controlled by the relationship between the time elapsed since a drug was taken and the intensity of aka sedative hypnotic a drug that decreases nervous or muscular activity causing the relationship between the amount of a drug taken and the intensity and type of incorporates what many people associate with the idea of addiction It is a cluster A CNS depressant that reduces tension and anxiety the inductive of a calm relaxed often sleepy state a drug that increases nervous or muscular activity an exaggerated feeling of well being 80 What is an addiction and what is an addictive behavior Same as stated above In short an addiction is a chronic disease that disrupts brain systems that regulate motivation and reward while an addictive behavior are habits that have gotten out of control with resulting negative effects on a person s health 81 What are the 5 traits characteristics that help to distinguish between a habit and an addiction The book discusses it in terms of addiction which is the same in this context o Reinforcement the drug or activity results in stress anxiety discomfort or depression addictive behaviors reinforce themselves either positively or negatively avoiding o Compulsion or craving o Loss of control o Escalation a nearly irresistible hunger toward to engage in the behavior this is the addict loses control over the behavior and cannot block the impulse to do it addiction often involves a pattern of escalation in response to tolerance More and usually associated with the environmental cues and accompanied by obsessive planning for the next opportunity to perform it more of the substance is required to produce its desired effects the behavior continues despite serious negative consequences such as problems with academic or job performances personal relationships and health legal or financial troubles are also typical o Negative consequences 82 Provide example of what may be harmless behaviors but turn into or become addictive behaviors Drinking a beer playing on the internet playing the lottery or shopping 83 Explain briefly the development of addition and how the behavior turns from bringing pleasure to avoiding withdrawal If the behavior brings pleasure the person is likely to repeat it Reinforcement leads to an increasing dependence on the behavior Tolerance develops and person needs more of the substance activity to feel the expected effect Eventually the behavior becomes a central focus of the persons like and other areas such as school performance or relationships deteriorate The behavior no longer beings pleasure but repeating it is necessary to avoid withdrawal the physical and mental pain that results from going without it Something that started as a seemingly innocent way of feeling good has triggered physiological changes in the brain that create a behavioral prison 84 Provide examples of common addictive behaviors Compulsive gambling compulsive exercising work addiction sex and love addiction compulsive buying or shopping internet addiction 85 What role does addiction have with stressors stress response and stress mgt strategies One s personality determines the effects that stress has on the body as well as the reward system that determines whether or not the drug will bring relief 86 What is the American Psychiatric Assoc APA criteria for substance dependence The APA definition incorporates what many people associate with the idea of addiction The be considered addicted or in the APA language dependent one must experience a cluster of three or more of these symptoms during a 12 month period o Developing tolerance to the substance experiencing withdrawal taking the substance in larger amounts or a longer period than was originally intended expressing a persistent desire to cut down or regulate substance use spending a great deal of time getting the substance use it or recovering from its effects giving up or reducing important social school work or recreational activity because of substance abuse continuing to use the substance despite the knowledge that it is contributing to a psychological or physical problem 87 What are the concerns by society with casual or recreational drug use It being harmful the individual s health or behavior as well as those around them Also addiction and similar problems 88 What are risk factors for potential drug use males are twice as likely to abuse drugs Being male Being a troubled adolescent tobacco or suffer from certain mental or