Bio 212 Pre lecture Quiz 4 Blood Vessels 1 What are water soluble phospholipids and proteins called Apoproteins 2 Where are lipoproteins synthesized Small intestine and the liver 3 What is the theory of the pathogenesis of fatty streaks How do they become more complicated Damaged endothelium circulates monocytes and lipids that begin to adhere to the area Macrophages ingest and oxidize accumulated lipoproteins and form the visible fatty streak Over time the streaks grow larger and proliferate into smooth muscle As the lumens increase in size they encroach on the lumen of the artery The macrophages release substances that cause inflammation and eventually can occlude the vessel or predispose to thrombus formation causing a reduction in blood flow The more advanced complicated lesions contain hemorrhages ulcerations and scar tissue deposits Slowing and turbulence of blood flow in the region of the plaque and ulceration of the plaque cause it The thrombus may cause occlusion of small vessels in the heart and brain and aneurysms may develop in arteries weakened by extensive plaque formation 4 What lifestyle factor is strongly associated with thromboangiitis obliterates Cigarette smoking 5 What is a false aneurysm A localized dissection or tear in the inner wall of the artery with formation of an extravascular hematoma that causes vessel enlargement 6 How is chronic venous insufficiency treated Compression therapy with dressings and inelastic or elastic bandages Medications that include aspirin and pentoxifylline Occasional skin grafting for large or slow healing Growth factors 7 Differentiate between primary essential hypertension and secondary hypertension Primary term applied to 95 of cases in which no cause can be identified Secondary elevation of blood pressure results from an identifiable underlying secondary cause 8 What are some possible etiologies for orthostatic hypotension Aging Reduced blood volume Bed rest and impaired mobility Drug induced hypotension Disorders of the autonomic nervous system
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