Corrections Study Guide Chapter 10 Decentralization Lecture Notes 1 60s 70s Tanning bomb said that engage in normal youthful behaviors a Dramatization of evil can have that concept and you believe your bad 2 Labeling Theory a Theory wasn t accepted until the 60s b If someone is told they are something enough times eventually they come to believe that they are what you say they are and began acting accordingly 3 Lemmert introduced two fundamental concepts that redefined labeling theory a Primary deviance we all engage in primary deviance i No theories and can t be measured ii Ex Speeding when we know that it is wrong but we do it b Secondary deviance occurs after subject has taken on a deviant behavior i You began to believe you are what people say you are then you proceed to act according to what they have labeled you as 4 Criminal Justice System operated diametrical with disinterest professionalism and goal displacement C J had drifted away from formal goals a Fundamental assumptions i Agency of social control ex Police courts etc type and categorize person s according to race class and demeanor then focus attention on them ii Deferential selection process these agencies can intentionally create and intensify secondary deviance b Unintended consequence was negative c The Criminal Justice System was doing more harm than good by crating secondary deviance which merged into the idea of the decentralization i Practical policy to avoid the system so they try to keep people away by decentralization to emphasize this problematic system to do so would require federalization have to have money ii 2 Acts 1 Safe Street Act 2 Omnibus crime bill iii 33 million was appropriated to get decentralization on the goal to establish 1 Infrastructure to implement to 2 pieces of legislature became known as the LEAA Law Existence Assistant Administrator 5 Criminal Justice reform crime control election of Johnson crime control was launched a Approached crime like our space program i Various crime convention commissions occurred Establishment of presidential commissions a Studied crime and come with an solution that c j was ineffective did more harm than good by creating secondary deviance b Crime law enforcement corrections delinquency and courts ii Academic researchers and prominent people attended iii Theoretical perspective was labeling theory iv Assumptions say that the agencies police corrections courts etc categorized police to focus attention upon you by race gender ect b The challenge of crime in a free society book is where the govt published all commission reports 6 Only cases of manifest danger should go to the formal criminal justice system and the bulk should go through diversion services and would not be stigmatized a Subsidy is where the government tried to prove 7 LEAA Law Enforcement Assigned Operation a Created a subsidy program went from federal state local regional b Subsidy approach was founded upon a gentlemen agreement i We will give you to start and we will withdraw our when it becomes 8 Critical law diversion happened because they drifted away from their goals successful a So diversion couldn t be any different 9 Diversion became the name of the game a More services provided to criminals i agency want to expand but undermined it services b C J contact was horrible so only serious cases should go into the c j system t and weak cases go into diversion program to eliminate secondary deviance In the jurisdiction study c i Looking caseload the ranch didn t operate as place to corrections but an alternative to local program 1 Recidivism was repeated probation subsidy acted the same way as the d They made diversion program a substitute for informal probation ranch which was abandoned i Informal probation no service no supervision if they didn t see you in 6 months your case was dropped if given to your record wouldn t send you to juvenile court ii Rather than no services being provided they used diversion program as a service in which it was to be an alternative not a supplement e Diversion services provided 4 components i Community outreach centers to have events 1 Most referrals came from police officers citing the individual to go to the center Youth houses meant to alternative to detention ii iii Drug Abuse Units people went for counseling and help getting off drugs iv Prominent aspects Family intervention units family counseling f Diversion was made to be and alternate and not an substitute 10 Net widening Diversion a Correction agencies goal conflict b Correctional agencies operated with resource scarcity c Clients not intended and families broken up due to system involvements which did more harm than good Extra Chapter Notes 1 Tannenbaum contended that youth entering the criminal justice system are subjected to a force 2 companionship with other similarly defined children which results in a new set of experiences that led directly to a criminal career Lemmert contended that those who commit primary deviant acts don t consider their deviance to be fundamental to their identity Rather their deviant acts followed by secondary deviance which reaffirms the induvial deviant identity 3 Omnibus Crime control and Safe Streets Act LEAA was established due to these acts a b Safe streets act passed in order to launch the nationwide implementation of decentralization reforms and other presidential task force recommendations 4 Program Typology includes legal paralegal and non legal diversion program types a Legal which is a diversion program whether formal or informal were administered by official justice agency personnel b Paralegal diversion programs operated outside official agencies but were funded and administered by the official justice system and were staffed by official justice personnel c Non legal diversion programs were client focused client participation was voluntary and form of program coercion was discouraged d Police juvenile court and probation falls under legal or paralegal programs e Private agency fall into non legal or paralegal programs Chapter 11 Conservativism and Law and Order Punishment In class Lectures 1 Get Tough Era put more people in prisons 2 Reagan and conserves felt the America bankrupt compete reversal of our politics and culture Ideology People are responsible for their own actions it s a choice that they make 3 4 Nature of Society fearful of how liberalism and counter culture was bankrupting U S and needed radical changes a Changes held people