ASH1300 Final Study Guide If the definition is longer than 4 5 sentences the bolded information most important GOOD LUCK Melaka Powerful trading city located on the tip of the Malayan peninsula traditionally a center for trade among the southeastern Asian Islands Spice trade An extremely profitable trade that sent European merchants scrambling to Asia because of the demand for this India A republic in the Asian subcontinent in southern Asia China the large country in East Asia with the world s largest population composed of many dynasties Philippines A country in southeastern Asia made up of several thousand islands Malaysia a federal constitutional monarchy in Southeast Asia It consists of thirteen states and three federal territories separated by the South China Sea into two similarly sized regions Peninsular Malaysia and Malaysian Borneo Land borders are shared with Thailand Indonesia and Brunei and maritime borders exist with Singapore Vietnam and the Philippines The capital city is Kuala Lumpur while Putrajaya is the seat of the federal government Indonesia largest population in Southeast Asia Largest Muslim country in the world 17 508 islands Canton Guangzhou is the capital and largest city of Guangdong province People s Republic of China Located on the Pearl River north northwest of Hong Kong and north northeast of Macau A key national transportation hub and trading port The only place European traders could stay before the Treaty of Nanjing Beijing Became the capital of China during the Ming Dynasty because of its centralized location Kyoto a city located in the central part of the island of Honshu Japan Tokyo the capital of Japan the center of the Greater Tokyo Area and the largest metropolitan area in the world Nagasaki is the capital and the largest city of Nagasaki Prefecture on the island of Kyushu in Japan 2nd Japanese city that the U S atomic bombed Fat Boy August 9 1945 hundreds of thousands of deaths immediately and from radiation Where was Communism successful in Asia Where was it unsuccessful Communism was successful in China and North Korea it was unsuccessful in Malaysia Indonesia South Korea and Japan Dutch plantation system government policy in the mid nineteenth century for its Dutch East Indies colony now Indonesia The cultivation system was primarily implemented in Java the center of the colonial state Instead of land taxes 20 of village land had to be devoted to government crops for export or alternatively peasants had to work in government owned plantations for 60 days of the year What Asian countries was Islam most present in Brunei Indonesia Pakistan India Bangladesh and Malaysia Manchuria 1931 Japan invaded Manchuria The League of Nations lost this fight and Japan joined Germany and Italy Opium War 1839 1842 Chinese attempted to prohibit the opium trade British declared war and won against Chinese May 4th Movement 1919 Protests against Treaty of Versailles changes brought by rejection of Confucian traditional ideas upsurge of nationalism Long March 1934 36 Mao led his followers on a 6000 mi retreat an event that kept communism alive rebuilt and came back stronger 100 Flowers Movement Mao encourages criticism of the Communist Party It goes way overboard and the Anti Rightist campaign is launched The Anti Rightist campaign clamped down on members of the intelligentsia Many are sent to labor camps and some are exiled Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution 1966 76 Mao Zedong s great effort in the mid 1960s to weed out capitalist tendencies that he believed had developed in China CCP Red Guards Nationalists vs Chinese Communists During 1920 s both sides began a civil war in China during 30 s both fought against the Japanese after which they started a civil war against each other again The U S sided with the Nationalist Party even though they were corrupt to fight communist rule The Communists won the Civil war in 1949 ALSO IMPORTANT CCP grew in 1921 backed by Soviet Union National Alliance started in 1924 Sun Yat Sen Chinese nationalist leader who fought to end foreign domination He formed the Kuomintang or Nationalist Party which overthrew the Manchu Dynasty and established a republican form of government in its place Japan in China Japan pushed into China 1937 FDR refused to invoke Neutrality Act because wanted to help China and Act would cut both off But Japan had far more trade with US and because FDR refused to use selective embargo American trade supported Japan Northern Expedition In 1926 Chiang Kai shek led Chinese nationalists to Northern China defeating warlords along the way It was made in an attempt to unify China Treaty Port System Interstate system the developed through treaties in the mid19th century between China Japan Europe and USA In order to regulate trade and legal privileges Great Leap Forward China s second five year plan under the leadership of the impatient Mao it aimed to speed up economic development while simultaneously developing a completely socialist society This plan failed and more than 20 million people starved between 1958 and 1960 ALSO IMPORTANT everybody had to make steel everyone had a furnace Backyard Furnaces melt down cooking instruments Red Guards A militia unit formed by young Chines people in 1966 in response to Mao Zedong s call for a social and cultural revolution they also helped enforce his laws Land Reform in China seizing land from landlords and giving it to peasants Ex In To Live when they tried to take away Shi zen s house but he burned it down Mao Zedong 1893 1976 Leader of the Communist Party in China that overthrew Jiang Jieshi and the Nationalists Established China as the People s Republic of China and ruled from 1949 until 1976 People s Liberation Army Chinese Communist army administered much of country under People s Republic of China Portuguese Indonesian archipelago Portuguese explorer and trader first reached Indonesian archipelago during the age of exploration in 16th century in order to search for spices in the Indies Dutch East India Company A company founded by the Dutch in the early 17th century to establish and direct trade throughout Asia Richer and more powerful than England s company they drove out the English and Established dominance over the region It ended up going bankrupt and being bought out by the British Plantation system A system of agricultural production based on large scale land ownership and the exploitation of labor and the environment This system focused on the