Race and Minority Group Relations Final Exam Study Guide Be able to define and discuss the following terms Race a group of people considered physically distinct and distinct by themselves other Ethnicity shared social characteristics of a physically distinct group Institutional Discrimination discrimination preformed by institutions such as Conflict Perspective conflict is built in exploitation and domination is undesirable change can bring about better equality Functionalist Order Perspective society is the way it is because it serves a purpose look at the behavior of the underprivileged group to see what they do differently minimal change and disturbance Social Distance the difference between 2 groups the closer the groups the less social distance better Ethnocentrism the belief that one country race and ethnicity is superior to others Ethnic Stratification the unequal distribution of resources such as money jobs housing loans assets based on race ethnicity Gary Becker s Theory of Discrimination 1 Employers are racist they sway to conform to what hey feel their clients want 2 Prejudice is dysfunctional because it doesn t place the best qualified in the job a This should over time disappear as businesses fail 3 Discrimination benefits Whites inadvertently Split Labor Market Theory 1 Best interest not to discriminate but pressured by high paid workers to protect mid level 2 Dysfunctional to business and society 3 Benefits white workers purposely when there is a strong mid level worker force Marxist Theory 1 Employers discriminate to divide and conquer workers 2 Dysfunctional for all employees 3 Benefits employers a More discrimination racial inequality leads to push wages down for everyone Culture of Poverty Theory Some groups may have traits that lead them to succeed better than other groups o Focus on work education behavior and attitudes Their adaptations are logical adaptations to deal with conditions This integration of different ideals and behaviors leads to a cyclical perpetuation of the culture of poverty Wealth total assets minus debt represents past discrimination Poverty state of insufficient money defined by the income and number of people and age of them Poverty figure doesn t factor in medication living location or current food costs Index of Dissimilarity the index that shows the percentage of the population that would have to be moved to have an equal distribution Race and Minority Group Relations Final Exam Study Guide Restrictive Covenants legal agreement specifying that land could not be owned occupied by undesirables and this was often written into wills deeds etc Redlining only allotting money for loans for specific areas of the city Racial Steering steering prospective black and white home buyers to different areas giving them different options and pries because of their race to maintain White Good areas of higher social and economic status Blockbusting real estate companies moving black minority families to White areas to bring down values and status to start white flight so that they can make a lot of money white flight the concept of white people fleeing the area when minority families start to encroach upon their areas 1968 Fair Housing Act at passed in 1968 that changed practices and made it illegal to discriminate on housing because of race Cultural Bias judging by standards of one s own culture Ex minority students face a cultural bias against them in the educational system perceptions of inferiority Cultural Deprivation absence of expectations and guidance in preparation Ex disadvantaged kids don t have home values such as value of education hard work which is a functionalist idea aren t exposed to as many books aren t read to as often Oppositional Identity after long history of oppression some groups like the Black and Native American population have formed an oppositional identity a rejection of White and mainstream society and culture and solidarity of their own Cumulative Discrimination the slow small day to day form of discrimination that pick away and create a general feeling of anomie isolation less worth and oppression Understand and be able to explain discuss the following topics Population Distribution by Race Ethnicity U S F L see overheads from early part of semester Major groups o Whites 64 47 o Hispanics 12 16 o Blacks 12 13 o Asians 5 9 FLORIDA 59 FLORIDA 22 FLORIDA 15 FLORIDA Minority Groups General Position in the Economy Income Employment Poverty etc Have a basic notion of how the major racial ethnic groups compare to one another Income o White 52k o Hispanic 34k o Asian 65 k o Black 33k Employment o White highest employment rate o Asian higher than other minorities but lower than whites still o Hispanic get more than Blacks not as high as whites Race and Minority Group Relations Final Exam Study Guide o Black get about the jobs that whites get Poverty o White 10 o Asian12 o Hispanic 26 6 o Black 27 4 Racial Ethnic Disparities in Wealth Wealth is important because it is a better determinant of you re future and success than income Wealth is also indicative of your historical past and shows the amount of oppression through the amount you have been able to accumulate White families are more likely to have more wealth because they have been able to buy land and own houses which is the fastest way to build wealth Wealth can be passed on from generation to generation slowly increasing over time These opportunities were denied to minorities Prevalence of Discrimination by Employers in the Labor Market there is still a lot of discrimination Blacks face discrimination in 1 results of auditing studies out of 5 jobs 38 of the time Whites advance farther than similarly qualified Blacks 34 fewer job offers for Blacks Latinos characteristics of those most likely to be discriminated against darker skin higher educated blacks going against racial etiquette around more educated Whites and in their sphere experience many of these structural barriers that are set up so that Whites are benefited and don t have certain barriers White entitlement means they don t have to why sometimes hard for Whites to see Tactics Used by Employers to Discriminate At any and all stages Recruitment o Selective advertising only certain areas newspapers and in group connections o Statistical discrimination use of ascribed characteristics to predict potential Resume Calling and Interviewing o Whites hired on the spot more than minorities o Names and race may tip off race