Exam 2 Review Chapter 7 20th Century Rehabilitative Idea 1900 1960 4 assumptions of the Rehabilitative ideal All human behavior is a product of antecedent causes we experience throughout our lives The antecedent causes of behavior can be identified in a tangible fashion Individual treatment plans can be implemented based on each individuals unique antecedent causes of their behavior Intervention to treat criminal behavior serves as a therapeutic function 20th century rehabilitation distinguished itself from the 19th century in 2 ways rehabilitation ideal stems from the development of scientific disciplines concerned with human behavior reformation used to be focused on person rather than problem the rehabilitation ideal completely dominated theoretical and scholarly inquiry if you find and stop antecedent cause you can deter future criminal behavior The Chicago school Social Disorganization Rockefeller funded the department of Sociology to study the industrial The goal was to show a relationship between the physical environment and the workforce living in the Chicago slums way people behaved in such situations Social disorganization or Social Pathology became the theory used to explain Social organization happens when social control is maintained through process crime delinquency in Chicago laws and social norms High crime in areas with socially pathological factors poor housing rapid population increase poor sanitation Crime seen as a product of environment locality rather than personal pathology Differential Association Theory Sutherland crime is learned through the same processes that law abiding behaviors are criminality in a person develops due to having more favorable violations of the law rather than unfavorable encounters with violating the law Sutherland theory of differential association said the CHicago school represented different social organization rather than social disorganization for the neighborhoods supported criminal behavior Anomie Theories of Crime causality Merton 1938 crime theory to explain higher crime rates in US than england France and learned Germany crime and delinquency seen as a symptom of strain between culture accepted aspirations and the few legitimate options for one to seize them Everyone wants the American dream though for most due to their social situation legal means wont help them achieve this described crime in all of US not just why crime is prevalent in one area over another 20th century Penal Reform major growth bureaucratization of correctional systems growth due to ideal that offenders can be rehabilitated through individual More is better the more ways to rehabilitate someone the better probation treatment parole jail etc Federal Prisons 1891 Congress constructed 3 federal penitentiaries 1st was old military prison in Ft Leavenworth Kansas US dept of Justice took over federal prison system in 1895 1st built from group up in Atlanta in 1901 2nd in leavenworth 3rd in Pennsylvania No centralized admission in early federal prisons Federal Bureau of Prison BOP created in 1929 with a sole goal of rehabilitation American Prison Association changed its name in 1954 to the AMerican Correctional Association the terms correctional facility was used in place of prisons Parole in 20th century 20th century broadened the group available to parole requirements for parole were to be a good citizen ad maintain a job after WW2 parole was revised and even more serious offenders were given option of parole parole became primary method of prison release Probation 20th century idea was to have less caseloads so the officer could properly assist an offender in securing employment and education High caseloads resulted in more surveillance by officer than anything else focusing on most important case and ignore the rest Bank Loading Prison Subculture sociological studies of prison life began in the 1930 s Donald Clemmer The prison Community 1940 correctional office at menard penitintiary illinois first in depth study of prison Clemmer found not all inmates fully committed to community those with longer sentences and unstable personalities more likely to become approach to problem of order in a society views society and social systems as a whole and does not see the individual prisonized structural functionalism at the center of society Social structure unit of analysis stabilized networks of interactions between different positions and statuses Analyzes structures and institutions to see what they can contribute to the Functionalism whole especially in terms of order Prisonization process by which inmates embrace prison life level of assimilation in prison culture stripping process at entry prisoner is given number and inferior role intro to inmate code learning the ways of the prison both how the guards run things and other inmates do Prisonization is greatest for an inmate midway through their sentence when the anticipation of release guides them to perform better behavior The more disciplined oriented a prison is the more likely inmates become prisonized Deprivation Model Sykes prison subculture come from pains of imprisonment pain from corporal punishment just as costly to inmates as psychological pain 5 pains of imprisonment deprivation of liberty inmates need permission for everything moral rejection from society for being a prisoner of autonomy loss of self determination rules and regulation diminishes individuality of goods and services inmates live in poverty choices are non existent the less we have the worse we usually feel about ourselves of heterosexual relationships no women lestens self image no sexual outlets other than same gender male inmate question their masculinity of security fellow inmate threaten your safety no privacy potential for riots Adaptive Endurance realistic and most common method of adapting to ains of prison social interactions with other inmates Individualistic vs Collective Orientation the more collective the less pains of prison one experience more collective equals easier adherence to inmate code on daily life Inmate Code dont interfere with other inmates keep grudges and feuds to minimum dont side with guards side with inmates Importation Model alternative to deprivation model saw inmates as different people coming from different places Thief Criminal subculture inmates regarded as trustworthy and reliable do not seek to stand out while in prison want things that make prison more bearable serve time and get out w