HSC4711 Wellness Study Guide Exam 1 Chapter 1 Taking charge of your health Definitions Health condition of a person having or not having a disease Wellness optimal health and vitality includes things such as gender lifestyle age etc Risk factor Morbidity rate relative incident of disease among a population Mortality rate number of deaths in a population in a given period of time Chronic disease a disease that develops and continues over a long period of Infectious disease a disease that can spread from person to person time o Diabetes pulmonary disease Acute disease a disease that has rapid onset and a short course in comparison to chronic o Acute myocardial infarction hepatitis Lifestyle choice the way a person chooses to live their actions and surroundings Sex biological sex Gender what you or society identifies you as Genome compilation of all genes Gene a molecular unit of heredity Six dimensions of wellness Physical exercising practicing safe sex Emotional optimism trust self esteem Environmental reducing pollution recycling Intellectual creativity curiosity sense of humor Interpersonal communication kills capacity for intimacy Spiritual forgiveness capacity for love o All are interrelated and effect each other o Continuum low levels of wellness is associated with malaise with increasing levels of wellness this leads to a vital meaningful life 1900 vs Today Contribute to 60 increase in the average life span vaccines antibiotics PH campaigns Leading three causes of death in US heart disease cancer stroke Leading causes of death in US ages 15 24 accidents homicide suicide canter and heart disease 8 of Americans have diabetes 25 don t even know it 47 million living Americans have stopped smoking Women vs Men Health Issues Life expectancy Women 5 years than men but Men Shorter tend to suffer from alzheimers arthritis and osteoperosis Occur 10 years later More likely to have and or die from one Immune response Stronger Heart attacks Stroke Smoking Alcohol Depression Headaches 10 years sooner More likely to survive but tend to suffer language ability loss Less likely to develop auto immune diseases symptoms of which are butterfly shaped rashes arthritis kidney disorder neurological disorder Higher rates of smoking Higher rates of lung cancer Become more intoxicated More likely to use or More likely to suffer from depression More likely to suffer from migranes abuse alcohol Lower rates of depression and suicide More likely to suffer from cluster headaches Healthy People Latest report s two broad national goals o Increase years and quality of healthy life o Eliminate health disparities among Americans Health issues for diverse populations Sex and gender Ethnicity o African Americans have highest rate of sickle cell anemia o One in two latinos will develop diabetes o Asian Americans have lower rates of coronary heart disease and obesity Income and education o People in poverty and low education have higher rates of infant mortality traumatic injury violent death o These factors are more important predictors of poor health than any ethnic factor Disability o One in five people o Tend to be inactive and overweight o Suffer major depression Geographic location o One in four people lives in a rural location less than 2500 residents o Tend to be inactive not wear their seat belts not have health care o Have less access to emergency services Sexual orientation o Seek personal family and social acceptance o Homosexuals more likely to engage in unsafe sex abuse drugs and Factors that influence wellness Health habits Heredity family history o Cystic fibrosis hereditary disorder characterized by lung congestion and infection and malabsorption of nutrients by the pancreas Environment Access to health care o Less access in rural areas Taking personal responsibility for your wellness Reaching wellness through lifestyle management Examine your current health habits reevaluate behaviors Choose a target behavior you want to change start small and make your next goal a little more significant Learn about your target behavior o How is it affecting your level of wellness today o What diseases or conditions does it place you at risk for o What effect would changing it have on your health o Build motivation by examining the pros and cons both long term and Find help short term o Boost self efficacy by having an internal locus of control self talk role models surrounding yourself with supportive people and overcoming the barriers to change Readiness to change as told by the Transtheoretica Stages of Change Model Precontemplation people don t think that they have a problem not aware deny the risk associated with their behavior Contemplation understand you have a problem and want to change next 6 months month energy Preparation small changes have occurred action should happen within 1 Action change happens requires the greatest commitment of time and Maintenance struggling against relapse last 4 6 months Termination no more temptations lowest risk to fall back to previous stage Developing skills for change Creating a personalized plan Monitor your behavior and gather data Analyze the data and identify patterns when triggers location situation other s actions Be smart about setting goals specific measurable attainable realistic time frame specific Devise a plan for action get what you need modify your environment control related habits reward yourself involve the people around you plan for challenges Make a personal contract STARTING DATE STEPS you will take to measure your progress STRATEGIES you plan to use to promote change ENDING DATE of reaching final goal Practice Questions from class The six dimensions of wellness include all of the following emotional wellness environmental wellness spiritual wellness The six dimensions of wellness are interrelated Spiritual wellness is best described as meaning and purpose in one s life table 1 1 The wellness concept defines health as the absence of disease false because health is the concept of the presence or absence of disease To achieve overall wellness and individual must seek to develop at least four of the six dimensions of wellness false we need all 6 Which of the following is currently americas 1 cause of death heart disease then cancer and then stroke The top 3 causes of death among americans age 15 24 accidents homicide suicide table 1 3 By far the leading preventable cause of death among americans is smoking When compared to the general US population