Concepts of Management Last Exam I Chapter 12 Motivating Employees 1 Motivation the psychological processes that arouse and direct goal directed behavior We all have needs some are filled some are not Those that are not as managers leaders we must fill them 2 Give out rewards 2 types a 1 Extrinsic think EX for EXternal these are things such as raises new company car new bigger office etc Receive from OTHERS for a particular task b 2 Intrinsic these are INternal such as job satisfac tion a sense of pride and or accomplishment Receive from the particular task itself 3 Everyone is different figure out what works and use the motivation that works best for the INDIVIDUAL 4 Hierarchy of needs theory goal is to move everyone up the hierarchy but must start at base and fill each need before moving up hierarchy 5 6 ERG Theory assumes that there are 3 basic needs a Existence for physiological material well being b Relatedness having substantial relationships with people we care about c Growth desire to grow as human beings to fullest po tential d what is is important as with the ERG theory the manager leader can fill the needs or MORE THAN ONE AT A TIME LIKE THE HI ERARCHY OF NEEDS 7 Acquired Needs Theory Achievement Affilia tion Power a What is important here is that there needs to be a WELL BALANCED relationship be tween the 3 no one more than other you get people such as control freaks etc You want BALANCE 8 2 Factor Theory there are two factors a 1 Dissatisfaction aka Hygiene factors EXTRINSIC see 1st bullets of guide b 2 Satisfaction INTRINSIC FACTORS c What is important is that there are two steps Step 1 eliminate the dissatisfaction Step 2 then you can truly motivate someone with satisfaction factors 9 Equity Theory this focuses on the perceptions that employees have on OTHER EMPLOYEES i e John not the boss or company other employ ees a What is important is that you must change their perception ex Am I fair to you Yes is the company fair Then who cares about John 10 Expectancy Theory 3 parts a 1 Expectancy do I have skills to complete job job ward b 2 Instrument will there be a award if I do c 3 Valance will I be happy with the re d Important here must say YES to all 3 ques tions AND customize the reward to fit the individual get used to hearing this 11 Goal Setting Theory some people like goals so give them specific challenging attainable goals with rewards some people hate goals so give them free reign just make sure they complete task 12 Job Design 3 types a Simplification very simple repetitive job ex ample putting a nike check logo on shirts over and over in factory b Enlargement some people get bored so give them more tasks example maybe not just put nike check but also add color and put tag on shirt c Enrichment let them think their way of do ing each task tell them the goal or end re sult and let them think best way 13 Job Characteristics Model 5 core job characteris tic VARIETY TASK IDENTITY SIGNIFICANCE AU TONOMY AND FEEDBACK a Important alter any all all that are not up to the stan dard 14 Reinforcement Theory a Positive Do good get good reward 1 Ex bonus for good sales that month b Negative Do good withdrawal a bad thing 1 Ex no longer get hounded for report every day because you did such an amazing job c Punishment Do bad get Bad thing to you 1 Ex show up late over and over doc pay d Extinction Do good but dont receive what you were told the only bad reinforce ment type makes good behavior extinct e also important is make sure that you re ward punish ASAP for example if dog pees on ground you dont yell at it a month later instead you punish it RIGHT AWAY Also mix it up for different individuals 1 Ex tell someone that if they do good sales youll give bonus then never give bonus this is BADDDDD 15 Some types of MONETARY incentives a Piece Rate example is you get paid 5 a book you sell more books you sell more you make b Gainsharing come up with a good idea company will give u c Stock Options rewards via stocks and it keeps you in centivized to stay w company longer d Pay Knowledge example if you are a teacher you may take certain certifications etc And schools will pay you more 16 Some types of NON MONETARY incentives a Flexible Workplace there are a few examples as fol lows b Flex time if you cant come in office to work 9 5 be cause of your child or some other reason maybe come in 10 6 or 7 4 17 II Chapter 14 Leadership c Job Sharing lets say you and a fellow coworker each are about to have child instead of just taking maternity leave your employer can say you and your friend each share this job that way more time with kid and when your kids little older come back full time d Work from home e 4 day work week significant because if you have staff work Mon Thurs and have Friday off you save money on electricity etc Keep ing office open and just add a few more hours each day to make up for no work Fri day your employees will love you 1 Leadership the ability to influence employees to voluntarily pursuit organizations gains 2 A leader gets people internally driven where they put the COMPANY goals ahead of their OWN 3 Manager coping with COMPLEXITY Leaders coping with CHANGE a A manager deals with the what needs to be done plan ning and budgeting organizing and staffing A leader determines the DIRECTION by ALIGNING PEOPLE and MOTIVATING AND INSPIRING 4 5 types of Power a 1 Legitimate Power I have power over you be cause I am the boss from the formal positions within organization b 2 Reward I have power because I have the ability to reward you c 3 Coercive I have power because I have the abil ity to make your life hell or punish your d 4 Expert I have power because I am an expert in a certain area or field so you need me e 5 Referent I have power because of just my per sonal charisma or attraction f Important is as a Leader you want all 5 man agers just have 1 2 4 are leadership types 5 Some Examples of Tactics for Influencing Others a Rational explain it to them rationally b Inspirational get them fired up about it c Consultation value your input give me your feedback d Exchange you do this and ill do that for you e Personal Appeals listen we go way back as friends help me out f Ingratiating brown nosing you look so smart etc g Coalition lets you I build a team h Pressure if you …
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