Final Exam Review Spring 2012 ASH3100 01 History of Asia April 21 2012 INDIA 1 The Revolt of 1857 a The rise of the British East India Company a new Empire in India i Trading posts throughout India They controlled India with much less crown influence b Nature of the Revolt of 1857 Why is the Revolt unique i Possibly the first war of British independence c Causes for the outbreak of the Revolt i Dissatisfaction among the army ii Dissatisfaction among peasants landlords iii Dissatisfaction among Indian princes iv Immediate cause of the Revolt v Grease in Enfield rifles was pig cow fat caused religious controversy d Main centers of the Revolt i Meerut where revolt broke out ii Then moved to Delhi where Badadur Shaha Zafar old Mughal Emperor was named symbol of the revolt e The loyal and the neutral provinces i Loyal Sikhs of Punjab ii Neutral south India Bengal English educated elite f Why did the Revolt fail i It was too localized there was no central plan and no common leader g Effects of the Revolt i Mughal empire disappeared ii British over confidence shattered iii Restructuring of British army 2 1 solider ratio h What was gained i First sign of patriotism in India Hindu Muslim unity ii East India co was no longer Queen Victoria would rule India from the company to the Crown 2 A Nation in the Making a Changes in bureaucracy i Queen Victoria s Proclamation Viceroy and secretary of state began ruling India instead of the East India Co India s Civil Service Exam required to be taken in London ii ASH 3100 01 Fall 2011 Final Exam Study Guide 2 1 Deindustrialization textiles in India to costly especially 1 Age went from 21 to 19yo to take it b Changes in economy i Deindustrialization of India with new tariffs in London ii Drain of Wealth theory 1 Drain of wealth due to cost of war c Birth of Indian nationalism i Lord Lytton s Viceroyalty ii Great Famine 1876 1 Man made defective food distribution created food kitchens to try and counteract iii Delhi Durbar 1877 1 Commemorated Queen Victoria and was significant because it showed the impact of imperialism iv Indian National Congress 1885 1 1st national organization rejecting British authority d Difference between Extremists and Moderates i Moderates in the organization followed the 3P s prayers protest and petitions constitutional means ii Extremists in the congress were radical nationalist violent means for complete independence e Growth of Extremism i Lord Cruzons decision to partition Bengal it was too large and unwieldy ii The real reason was to divide and rule setting the Hindus against the Muslims this brought much hate to the British f Partition of Bengal 1905 i Lord Curzon s Motives to divide and rule the Hindus and Muslims 1 2 west Bengal Hindu majority western educated middle class 3 East Bengal Muslim ii Outcome of Partition 1 Insulted Bengalis and created a hate for the British and fueled extremists g Rise of revolutionary terrorism i Bhagat Singh 1 Lead the revolution 2 Caused the partition of Bengal to be annulled in 1911 ii Rang de Basanti movie 1 British film maker ask 5 friends to act in a movie on the freedom fighters of India as documented in her father s diary 2 Depicts the corruption in India s government 3 2 3 Gandhi a b ASH 3100 01 Fall 2011 Final Exam Study Guide 3 The rise of Gandhi i Came to fame due to disillusionment with moderates massive drain of wealth in the country and the Indian army was exploited Gandhi s South African experience political strategy i He was an Educated lawyer at oxford ii There was much protest about racism in South Africa s white iii He came up with the idea of passive resistance non violent non i Hind Swaraj freedom of India pamphlets with his face are passed ii Was very anti industrial he believed that industry was the actual iii Taught that we should live the simple life iv He dressed and spoke in simple peasant style was viewed to be the government cooperation c Gandhi s appeal around enemy peasants equals d Amritsar Massacre i Crowd of peaceful people gathered at Jallianwalla Bagh garden with only one exit They were celebrating a festival and it was mistaken as a protest General Dyer brings in forces and kills over 2000 people and blocked the only exit e Non Cooperation Movement 1920 i Background ii program 1 Gandhi launched this movement detachment from the raj 1 boycott schools and universities Hindu Muslim unity Non Violence 2 Indians should spin their own clothes and use a hand loom 3 Boycotted foreign clothes boycott of the Prince of Wales visit 4 Khadi symbol for freedom hand loom f Chauri Chaura incident i Villagers violently attacked police Gandhi was shocked and called off the Non Co op movement was proof of a growing militant Indian masses g Simon Commission 1927 i All white commission sent from England to India to decide the fate of India Was greeted by much protest and black flags were the symbol against it h Civil Disobedience Movement 1930 Dandi March i Program 1 Was against the Salt Laws 3 ASH 3100 01 Fall 2011 Final Exam Study Guide 4 2 The Dandi march was to show defiance of the salt laws was a very symbolic march ii Significance 1 Was important because it struck at the heart of British profits Included women students youth and Muslims 2 3 Gandhi was arrested in 1930 most likely due to the march i Quit India movement 1942 i August 9th 1942 congress leaders arrested even though Gandhi had not yet began the movement Tremendous mass upsurge across the country j Nature of Gandhian movements i Gandhi was the face of the struggle between the people and the British ii Even when Gandhi was in jail the people still were in uproar caused independence in 1947 of India iii Gandhi was assassinated in 1948 4 India s Independence and the Birth of Pakistan a Hindu Muslim relations before the Revolt of 1857 i No hostility before the revolt they got along fine ii Communalism was formed causing the beginning of hate between Muslims and Hindus post 1857 b Indian responsibility for the birth of Communalism Hindu Muslim i Muslim Syed Ahmed Khan 1 He first said in 1884 that all Muslims Hindus and Christians who live in this nation or one 2 Later in 1886 he changed his mind saying Muslims and Hindus are 2 different nations ii Muslim League 1906 1 Formed and all Indian Muslim organization it was directed against the congress and Hindus moved from anti colonial agenda to more anti Hindu agenda iii Hindu Cow protection riots 1 Hindu demanded for a ban on cow slaughtering during Bakhr Id