Causes for Mood Disorders• Adult-based Theories1. Beck- maladaptive/negative views of self, world, future (children are more negative than counterparts)2. Seligman- learned helplessness (children through repeated experience of events come to believe they have no control over events in their lives)• Developmental Psychopathology Approach1. Based Organizational perspective (Werner 1948)- developmental is seen as early processes becoming more finely tuned and specific while subsystemsbecome consolidated2. If early challenges are not resolved in one system, integration may not occur creating a lag that has knock on effects for other systems1. organization then consists of poorly integrated component systems3. Compensation is possible and changes in environment may lead to improvement in prognosis• Transactional model (depression)1. concentrates on continuity rather than cause• continuity: depressed parent and child has low PA but no difference in NA1. biopsychosocial, emotional, cognitive, family, community influences child2. bidirectional influences (acts back on child)• Factors: enduring/transient, potentiating/protective1. genetics- enduring & potentiating/protective2. low SES- potentiating & transient/enduring3. low parental involvement- enduring/transient, potentiation4. marital conflict- enduring/transient, protective5. large family network- enduring, protective6. school system- enduring, potentiation7. predisposition of left hemisphere under activation- enduring, potentiation• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy1. lets patient know about their maladaptive cognitions and address their issues1. psychoeducational, activity scheduling2. cognitive appraisal and self talk3. self-monitoring, challenging automatic thoughts4. relaxation, social skill training2. can be done in game atmosphere- learning emotional language and describing3. Child should gain insight from self-monitoring; taught the possibility of alternate thoughts• Treatment options1. interpersonal psychotherapy- place importance of role on social relationships in depressive symptoms, discuss key relationships or disruptions to signifyimportance of relationships2. play therapy- elicits unresolved conflicts and emotions of which child is unaware but projecting, emotions relieve stress, dealing with conflicts in a safeenvironment enables child to gain insight into their emotions and conflicts3. group therapy- social skills training in group setting, child is able to see impact of depressive behavior on others to hopefully increase insight and improvesocial skills4. family intervention- can facilitate any type of intervention, parents have significant impact upon child